9 3 Natural Fluid Systems Many natural systems

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9. 3 Natural Fluid Systems • Many natural systems are based on fluids and

9. 3 Natural Fluid Systems • Many natural systems are based on fluids and pressures w Weather systems are created and influenced by barometric pressure, measure with a barometer. § Air pressure is measured in kilopascals (k. Pa) or atmospheres (atm) w Humans are affected by air pressures (breathing) and fluid pressures (the circulatory and respiratory systems) § Water, and water balance, is vital for life § The human body is 66% water, and loses 2. 1 L of water daily See pages 334 - 335 (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

The Circulatory System • The circulatory system is one of the most complex hydraulic

The Circulatory System • The circulatory system is one of the most complex hydraulic systems we know w The heart is the pump, and blood vessels are specialized pipes w Blood pressure refers to how hard blood pushes against the walls of your body’s blood vessels § Nerve cells in the arteries monitor blood pressure • Your pulse is these waves of pressure • Normal resting heart rate is 60 - 100 beats per minute • Blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer which measures two different pressures § Eg. Blood pressure = 120/75 mm Hg = two pressures § 120 = heart pumping, and See page 336 § 75 = heart relaxing and filling with blood (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

Disorders of Blood Circulation • Blood pressure is a part of normal check-ups, as

Disorders of Blood Circulation • Blood pressure is a part of normal check-ups, as it is an indicator of overall health w Like in all hydraulic systems, roughness inside of pipes decreases the hydraulic system’s effectiveness § Fatty deposits build up in arteries to slow blood flow w Smoking and obesity also increase blood pressure See page 337 www. nhlbi. nih. gov (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

The Respiratory System • Breathing is partly based on air pressure changes w Air

The Respiratory System • Breathing is partly based on air pressure changes w Air (and all fluids) normally move from high to low pressure w Inhaling expands the rib cage, increasing volume and decreasing pressure § The diaphragm and rib muscles expand your lungs § Air from outside, which has oxygen in it, enters the low pressure in the lungs w Exhaling is the diaphragm and rib muscles pushing inwards, increasing pressure in the lungs so air leaves § As the air leaves, it takes unwanted carbon dioxide See page 338 (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

Disorders of Breathing • Breathing is affected by narrowed passageways, especially swelling from infections

Disorders of Breathing • Breathing is affected by narrowed passageways, especially swelling from infections and allergies w Smoke, polluted air, coal dust and asbestos are also harmful w Asthma is a respiratory disease that narrows the passageways for air entering and leaving the lungs § Asthma can be triggered by smoke and pollutants, exercise, stress and dust § An inhaler is used to deliver tiny droplets of medicine to the lungs to help passageways open Take the Section 9. 3 Quiz See page 339 (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007