9 1 Building Overseas Empires Vocabulary Empire Group

9 -1: Building Overseas Empires Vocabulary • Empire • Group of states/countries under one rule. • Imperialism • Process of forming an empire by creating colonies. • Domination of one country over another • Colony • A settlement of people who leave their country to go live in a new land. • Protectorate • Country that is controlled economically by another • Sphere of influence • Area in which an outside country claims trading privileges. • Note to Staples- start reading Ch 9 sec 1 packet summary

Imperialism • Imperialism in 1492 • European countries began conquering Land in the Americas Western Civilization Europe Americas Non Western Civilization

British Empire in 1914

New Imperialism, 1800 s • Causes of New Imperialism 1. Industrial Revolution (2) 1 st paragraph – MONEY • New consumers to sell products to. 2. Military/Nationalism (3) 2 nd paragraph – Military bases around the world • – For national security More land = More Power

• Causes continued 3. Humanitarian and Religious Goals (2) 2 nd paragraph • • Goal to help people medically Convert people to Christianity 4. Social Darwinism (3) 2 nd paragraph – “Survival of the Fittest” • Racial superiority – Belief that White race is the best race & should dominate weaker races. – 19 th century Europeans felt they were responsible to improve the lives of the people in their colonies (BM? )

White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling 1899 Put in PH audio cd tract 15 • Take up the White Man’s burden— Send forth the best ye breed — Go send your sons to exile — To serve your captives' need — To wait in heavy harness — On fluttered folk and wild — Your new-caught, sullen peoples, — Half devil and half child • Take up the White Man’s burden — In patience to abide — To veil the threat of terror — And check the show of pride — By open speech and simple — An hundred times made plain — To seek another’s profit — And work another’s gain • And reap his old reward — The blame of those ye better — The hate of those ye guard — The cry of hosts ye humour — (Ah slowly) to the light: — "Why brought ye us from bondage, — “Our loved Egyptian night? ” — Take up the White Man’s burden • Take up the White Man’s burden — Have done with childish days — The lightly proffered laurel, — The easy, ungrudged praise. — Comes now, to search your manhood — Through all the thankless years, — Cold-edged with dear-bought wisdom, — The judgment of your peers! 1. What is this poem about? 2. Who is this poem about?

“White Man’s Burden” by Rudyard Kipling Take up the White Man’s burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ need; To wait, in heavy harness, White mans job On fluttered folk and wild— to bring Your new-caught sullen peoples, “civilization” to Half-devil and half-child. other countries Take up the White Man's burden— In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain, To seek another's profit And work another's gain. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=c. S__4 F 8 QSNU

Homework Take up the White Man's burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man’s burden. Send forth your sturdy kin, And load them down with Bibles And cannon-balls and gin. Throw in a few diseases To spread the tropic climes, For there the healthy Africans Are quite behind the times. And don’t forget the factories. On those benighted shores They have no cheerful iron mills, Nor eke department stores. They never work twelve hours a day And live in strange content, Altho they never have to pay A single sou of rent. 1. What are these poems about? 2. Using your own words, explain these poems.

White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling 1899 • Take up the White Man's burden— • Help with the White Man’s difficult job • Send forth the best ye breed— • Send your country’s best • Go bind your sons to exile • Send your sons to another country • To serve your captives' need; • To serve the needs of whomever they conquer • To wait in heavy harness, • To rule over • On fluttered folk and wild— • Your new-caught, sullen peoples, • Half-devil and half-child. • Slow and Uncivilized people • Your new hopeless prisoners • People who are not Christian and incapable of taking care of themselves What is this poem about? Who is this poem about?

The White Man’s Burden

The “White Man’s Burden”?

Source for Raw Materials Industrial Revolution Markets for Finished Goods European Nationalism European Motives For Colonization Missionary Activity RELIGION Military & Naval Bases Social Darwinism Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Popul. European Racism “White Man’s Burden” Humanitarian Reasons Soc. & Eco. Opportunities

Reasons for Rapid Spread of Imperialism • African and Asian Countries • European Countries • Strong economies • Stable governments • Superior Military • Opposite of Europe • Maxim Machine Gun • Technology and Medicine Don’t copy • Weak economies • Unstable govs. • Weak military • No new weapons • No new technology

Maxim Machine Gun

Imperial Rule • Direct rule • Sending officials and soldiers to rule colonies directly. • French Practiced direct rule • Indirect rule • Using local rulers to control colony • Local rulers are controlled by ruling country. • British practiced Indirect rule British French

• In a protectorate, local rulers control colony, but obey European advisors • Sphere of Influence • Countries claim an area for investment or trading • The US had a sphere of influence over Latin America

• US sphere of Influence United States

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Ch 9 Sec 1 Review Questions How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to imperialism? Why did many Western leaders feel they needed colonies & a global empire? Explain the attitude of most Westerners felt about their culture over other cultures. Explain in the 1800 s, empires in the Middle East, India, Africa, & China had grown this way? Western critics of imperialism & colonialism complained the it was this? This was the method used by France to rule colonies The British governed their colonies by this method.

Ch 9 -2 Africa in the early 1800 s • Large continent • Hundreds of languages, religions, and governments. • North, West and East Africa was largely made up of Muslims • Both black African and Arab • Southern Africa • Mainly black Africans • Slavery • Became outlawed on the West side, but the East side continued to trade to Asia. • Liberia became a place for freed slaves

Africa North West East South

• Video clip on imperialism (Witness History DVD #2 “The Scramble for Africa Colonies”) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=OJe 1 W_HIWm. A

9 -2: Partition of Africa 1. Explorers • • Steamboats made exploration easier Went to Africa to map it. 2. Missionaries • Went to Africa to convert people to Christianity • • Built churches and schools Tried to get them to become more European 3. David Livingstone • Explorer and Catholic Missionary whose trail made it possible for Europeans to travel through Africa

Scramble for Africa • King Leopold of Belgium • Sends people to colonize the interior of Africa • Causes the 1884 Berlin Conference • European meeting about colonizing Africa • To colonize Africa, they first had to set up a government office

Imperialism in Africa to 1914 Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 Sudan 1889 French West Africa 1874 Nigeria 1884 Ethiopia Independent Cameroon 1884 Belgian Congo 1908 Dates indicate official year of colonization si e od 91 8 a 1 iqu e 1 50 Rh German South Africa 1884 mb French German Italian Portuguese Spanish Angola 1891 0 Belgium British German East Africa 1885 za Liberia Independent Italian Somalia 1884 f n o ca o i Un Afri th Sou 910 1 Mo 1885 Madagascar 1895

• Boer War • Between British and Dutch over gold in S. Africa • British won and established South Africa • Set up an all white government • Caused racial segregation • Apartheid (legal separation of blacks and whites) • Helped create other European powers to come to imperialize Africa w/ King Leopold II activities in the Congo

• Who controlled the Southern tip of Africa in the early 1900 s? a) b) c) d) The French The British The Germans The Belgians

European Colonies in Africa 1850 British French Portuguese

Belgium Belgian Congo 1908

Egypt 1882 Sudan 1889 Nigeria 1884 Belgium British Belgian Congo 1908 si e od 91 8 a 1 Rh of on ica i n U Afr h t Sou 910 1

Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 French West Africa 1874 Egypt 1882 Sudan 1889 Nigeria 1884 Belgium British Belgian Congo 1908 French si e od 91 8 a 1 Rh f n o ca o i Un Afri th Sou 910 1 Madagascar 1895

Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 Egypt 1882 French West Africa 1874 Sudan 1889 Nigeria 1884 Cameroon 1884 Belgian Congo 1908 Belgium British French German si e od 91 German East Africa 1885 8 a 1 Rh German South Africa 1884 f n o ca o i Un Afri th Sou 910 1 Madagascar 1895

Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 French West Africa 1874 Sudan 1889 Italian Somalia 1884 Nigeria 1884 Cameroon 1884 Belgian Congo 1908 Belgium British French German Italian si e od 91 German East Africa 1885 8 a 1 Rh German South Africa 1884 f n o ca o i Un Afri th Sou 910 1 Madagascar 1895

Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 Sudan 1889 French West Africa 1874 Italian Somalia 1884 Nigeria 1884 Cameroon 1884 Belgian Congo 1908 si e od 91 8 a 1 za German South Africa 1884 mb iqu e 1 50 Rh f n o ca o i Un Afri th Sou 910 1 Mo French German Italian Portuguese Angola 1891 0 Belgium British German East Africa 1885 Madagascar 1895

Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 1885 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 Sudan 1889 French West Africa 1874 Italian Somalia 1884 Nigeria 1884 Cameroon 1884 Belgian Congo 1908 si e od 91 8 a 1 za German South Africa 1884 mb iqu e 1 50 Rh f n o ca o i Un Afri th Sou 910 1 Mo French German Italian Portuguese Spanish Angola 1891 0 Belgium British German East Africa 1885 Madagascar 1895

Imperialism in Africa to 1914 Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 Sudan 1889 French West Africa 1874 Nigeria 1884 Ethiopia Independent Cameroon 1884 Belgian Congo 1908 Dates indicate official year of colonization si e od 91 8 a 1 iqu e 1 50 Rh German South Africa 1884 mb French German Italian Portuguese Spanish Angola 1891 0 Belgium British German East Africa 1885 za Liberia Independent Italian Somalia 1884 f n o ca o i Un Afri th Sou 910 1 Mo 1885 Madagascar 1895

European Colonies in Africa 1850 British French Portuguese

French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 Sudan 1889 French West Africa 1874 Nigeria 1884 Cameroon 1884 Belgian Congo 1908 WEST AFRICA Dates indicate official year of colonization s de o h 91 i 8 a 1 R iqu German South Africa 1884 mb French German Italian Portuguese Spanish Angola 1891 German East Africa 1885 0 Belgium British Were is most of the French colonies located in Africa? (BM? ) Ethiopia Independent za Liberia Independent Italian Somalia 1884 50 1850 Imperialism in Africa to 1914 e 1 1885 Tunisia 1881 f n o ca o i Un Afri th Sou 910 1 Mo Compare and contrast the 1850 African map with the 1814 map. Madagascar 1895

Sierra Leone: West African colony For freed slaves.

CST of the Day Which of the following is the definition of IMPERIALISM a) b) c) d) A group of people who leave their country. Area where an outside country claims trading privileges. To govern in the name of a king or queen The domination of one country over another.

Imperialism in Africa to 1914 Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 Sudan 1889 French West Africa 1874 Nigeria 1884 Ethiopia Independent Cameroon 1884 Belgian Congo 1908 Dates indicate official year of colonization si e od 91 8 a 1 iqu e 1 50 Rh German South Africa 1884 mb French German Italian Portuguese Spanish Angola 1891 0 Belgium British German East Africa 1885 za Liberia Independent Italian Somalia 1884 f n o ca o i Un Afri th Sou 910 1 Mo 1885 Madagascar 1895

Test on Friday • Ch 9 -1, 9 -2, 9 -3, and 9 -4. • Imperialism • Africa, Middle East, India • 30 -40 questions

• 1500 s, the Muslim world extended from West Africa to Southeast Asia. Muslim World

Ch 9 -3 European challenges to the Muslim world • 1800 s, Muslim world began to decay. • Causes 1. Corrupt government lost power 2. People rebelled 3. Western Imperialism 1. Invasion of European countries

Muhammad Ali • • The father of modern Egypt • Improved Egypt politically and economically Suez Canal • • 100 mile long canal in Egypt that connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea • Built with loans from Europe • Egypt was unable to repay loan • Britain stepped in and took control of the Canal and Egypt 1900, oil was discovered in Iran • • Caused Russia and Britain to begin plans to get control of oil fields.

Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy ea Turkey Ottoman Empire Mediterranean Sea ian S Casp Black Sea Spain Aral Sea Persia Algeria Suez Canal Libya Re Egypt (Iran) Pe rsi an Gu lf ea d. S Arabian Sea British Rule French Rule Italian Rule Ottoman Empire, 1913 Russian Empire Trade Route

Before the Suez Canal

Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy Turkey Ottoman Empire ea Spain ian S Casp Black Sea Mediterranean Sea Aral Sea Persia Algeria Suez Canal Libya Pe rsi an Gu lf Arabian Sea ea d. S Re Egypt (Iran) British Rule French Rule Italian Rule Ottoman Empire, 1913 Russian Empire Trade Route

Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy Casp ea Mediterranean Sea ian S Black Sea Spain Aral Sea Turkey Persia (Iran) Algeria Pe Libya rsi an lf Arabian Sea ea d. S Re Egypt Gu British Rule

Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy Casp ea Mediterranean Sea ian S Black Sea Spain Aral Sea Turkey Persia (Iran) Algeria Pe Libya rsi an lf Arabian Sea ea d. S Re Egypt Gu British Rule French Rule

Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy Casp ea Mediterranean Sea ian S Black Sea Spain Aral Sea Turkey Persia (Iran) Algeria Pe Libya rsi an lf Arabian Sea ea d. S Re Egypt Gu British Rule French Rule Italian Rule

Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy Casp ea Mediterranean Sea ian S Black Sea Spain Aral Sea Turkey Persia (Iran) Algeria Pe Libya rsi an lf Arabian Sea ea d. S Re Egypt Gu British Rule French Rule Italian Rule Ottoman Empire, 1913

Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy Casp ea Mediterranean Sea ian S Black Sea Spain Aral Sea Turkey Persia (Iran) Algeria Pe Libya rsi an Arabian Sea ea d. S Re Egypt Gu lf British Rule French Rule Italian Rule Ottoman Empire, 1913 Russian Empire

Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy ea Turkey Ottoman Empire Mediterranean Sea ian S Casp Black Sea Spain Aral Sea Persia Algeria Suez Canal Libya Pe rsi an Gu lf Arabian Sea ea d. S Re Egypt (Iran) British Rule French Rule Italian Rule Ottoman Empire, 1913 Russian Empire Trade Route

CST of the Day Thursday, November 30, 2006 How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to imperialism? a) b) c) d) Countries sought new consumers Created many protectorates around the world Countries wanted to build factories in Asia and Africa Nations needed natural resources from Europe

Ch 9 Section 4: The British Take Over India

Ch. 9 -4 The British Take Over India • The British East India Company • Company gained trading rights in India • By 1800 s it controlled 3/5 of India • Main goal was to make money • Positive • They improved roads, maintained peace, • reduced crime

East India Company and Rebellion • The British East India Company moved from a trading company that operated on the fringe of the Mughal empire to ruling all of India. • They made this move by playing different Indian peoples against each other as well as by having superior weapons. • Because of the Sepoy Rebellion against the company and the company’s brutal backlash, the British government took over India’s

Imperialism in India to 1858 British Colonies in 1765 Indian Ocean

Imperialism in India to 1858 British Colonies in 1765 British Territory, 1805

Imperialism in India to 1858 British Colonies in 1765 British Territory, 1805 British Territory, 1858

4 The Sepoy Rebellion The British: • Forced sepoys, or Indian soldiers to do things that were against their Hindu religion. • Sepoys reacted by beating &killing British men, women, and children. • The British retaliated and killed thousands of Indians. • The British won and took control of India

Sepoys Are Indian Soldiers

Imperialism in India to 1858 British Colonies in 1765 British Territory, 1805 British Territory, 1858 Area of Sepoy Rebellion

Impact of British Colonial Rule • British rule of India helped the country to modernize and improve its infrastructure and brought a legal system that promoted justice for all Indians. • However, some negative initiatives, such as the one to create more farms for cash crops, caused famine and ecological harm

Different Views on Culture • While some upper-class Indians adopted and admired Western ways, others had more pride in Indian culture. • Ram Mohun Roy combined both views and started a movement that established English schools in India. • Among the British, there were also those who admired and those who looked down upon Indian culture.

Indian Nationalism Grows • By the late 1800 s, Western-educated Indians had begun a nationalist movement. • The Indian National Congress was organized in 1885 and it supported eventual self-rule and Western-style modernization. • When Muslims began to mistrust Hindus in the Congress party, they formed their own Muslim League.

Mahatma Gandhi

• Gandhi used his philosophy of non-violence & noncooperation against the British Empire • Result = India achieved independence from Great Britain http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=m. Vw. Ce. Gx. TN-A