8 L 1 Understand the structure and hazards
- Slides: 77
8. L. 1 Understand the structure and hazards caused by agents of disease that effect living organisms. 8. L. 1. 1 Summarize the basic characteristics of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites relating to the spread, treatment and prevention of disease. B Barakat RMS 2013 Modified: P. Mc. Aven
What are microorganims? viruses, bacteria, protozoa, parasites, and some fungi and algae.
Micro Organisms Characteristics of micro organisms - Unicellular (single celled organisms) - Microscopic - Very diverse (lots of kinds)
A variety of micro organisms cause disease Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasites
Viruses Virus are not considered to be living but affect living things -- need a host cell non-living particles nucleic acid – DNA or RNA protein coat need a host cell Flu Attack! How A Virus Invades Your Body – 3 min http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Rpj 0 em. EGSh. Q
Viruses Cold Virus T-4 Virus infects Cell (40 sec) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=41 aq xcxs. X 2 w
Viruses Invade healthy cells Reproduce Kill healthy cells
Viruses transmitted by human contact airborne
Viruses transmitted by insects
transmitted by water
Viruses Vaccines control/prevent
Viruses Examples of Common Viruses Influenza HIV / Aids Virus (Flu) Virus
Viruses HIV AIDS Virus Good to show shape of HIV & the incorporation into DNA (1 min) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 Csh 94 TGy. SQ
Viruses Polio Virus
Viruses Chicken Pox Virus
Viruses Yellow Fever Virus
Viruses Viral Meningitis Virus
Viruses West Nile Virus Mosquito bite Redesigning Mosquitos (the deadlist animal - 15 min – see beginning http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=cps. RAk 5 Hp. K 4
Viruses Ebola Virus
Viruses SARS Virus severe acute respiratory syndrome
Viruses Summary ØNon-living – need living host cell ØNucleic acid & protein coat ØInvade healthy cells & reproduce ØCause disease ØSpread by human contact, insects, air, water ØAffect different human body systems ØAre controlled by vaccines
Virus Reproduction – mutates into the cell’s DNA to make copies Lysogenic Cycle
Virus takes over the cell, reproduce, burst out of the cell. Repeat. Lytic Cycle
T-4 Virus infects Cell (40 sec) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=41 aqxcxs. X 2 w Flu Attack! How A Virus Invades Your Body – 3 min http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Rpj 0 em. EGSh. Q Good to show shape of HIV & the incorporation into DNA (1 min) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 Csh 94 TGy. SQ Hepitatis virus enters cell (beginning) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e. I 5 t 0 Pbgn. Bk Redesigning Mosquitos (the deadlist animal - 15 min – see beginning http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=cps. RAk 5 Hp. K 4
BACTERIA
A variety of micro organisms cause disease Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasites
Bacteria Characteristics of Bacteria Prokaryotic, Unicellular (single celled) Live in O 2, without O 2, in extreme conditions
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell
Classification by Kingdom Virus NOT living Bacteria (2) Protist Fungi Plants Animals Prokaryotic Cell Eukariotic Cell need live host Unicellular Multicellular Microscopic Visible to naked eye
Unicellular the whole organism is one cell Single-celled Unicellular Multicellular Many cells Specialized cells
Bacteria Grow / Spread Cell grows Copies its DNA or RNA Stretches Splits into 2 identical cells Binary fission Under ideal conditions Reproduce VERY quickly Bacteria Reproduction – how fast http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=2_K 7 q. BPa. Qrw
Bacteria 1 Asexual Reproduction in Bacteria (silent) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=U_e. Ko. X 32_Yw
Bacteria Transmission Direct/Indirect Contact By Droplet Transmission sneezing, coughing, surfaces Environmental Sources mostly in warm moist areas
Bacteria Treatment by Antibiotics Some bacteria cells are resistant, survive, reproduce, new strain of illness.
Bacteria Common Diseases caused by Bacteria
Bacteria Rabies
Bacteria Lyme Disease
Bacteria bacterial meningitis How bacterial meningitis affects the body – 1 min – enters blood stream http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Oay. QEFV 0 v. JA
Bacteria Leprosy
Bacteria Summary - Prokaryotic (no nucleus) - Microscopic -- Unicellular - Lack chlorophyll - Found everywhere in air, soil, water, and inside of your body and on your skin - Multiply rapidly - Transmitted by contact, droplets, moist areas - Treated with antibiotics
Bacteria classified based on shape spherical rodlike spiral
How bacterial meningitis affects the body – 1 min – enters blood stream http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Oay. QEFV 0 v. JA Asexual Reproduction in Bacteria (silent) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=U_e. Ko. X 32_Yw 13 sec http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=a. Qr 61 SOe. XTg Bacteria Reproduction – how fast http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=2_K 7 q. BPa. Qrw
Fungi
A variety of micro organisms cause disease Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasites
Fungi Characteristics of Fungi Eukaryotic cell Heterotrophs (eat other non-photosynthetic multi-cellular organisms to get & use Σ
Fungi Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell
Unicellular the whole organism is one cell Single-celled Unicellular Multicellular Many cells Specialized cells
Fungi Reproduce - (make more to spread) 1. by spores asexual reproduction – make identical copy of self
Fungi Reproduce - (make more to spread) 1. by spores asexual reproduction – make identical copy of self
Fungi sexual reproduction – 2 parents – offspring has combo of traits variation – survival technique
Fungi Reproduction Asexual Sexual in ideal conditions less favorable conditions faster, easier Better chances of being adapted to current conditions Outcome Identical organism Variety of traits in offspring
Sexual Reproduction -Variation in offspring -Some are more likely to be better adapted Survival of the Fittest
Sexual Reproduction -Variation in offspring -Some are more likely to be better adapted Survival of the Fittest
Fungi Airborne Transmission imagine it like this
Fungi attack plants & humans our food source Fungi that attack plants are competing with us for the food source / nutrition.
Fungi attack plants & humans our food source Fungi that attack plants are competing with us for the food source / nutrition.
Fungi attack plants & humans athletes foot
Fungi treatment anti-fungal powders, sprays, creams
Fungi Summary Eukaryotic cell multi-cellular Heterotrophs - eat other non-photosynthetic organisms to get & use Σ Reproduce asexually (spores) Reproduce sexually Airborne transmission Fungi attack plants & humans
Protists // Parasites
A variety of micro organisms cause disease Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasites
Protist // Parasite Are Protists Feed on another individual (called the host) Live on or in their host’s body Highly specialized Reside in intestines, bloodstream or tissues
Protist // Parasite Tape worm – affixes to small intestine has no digestive system absorbs nutrients thru its skin
Protist // Parasite
Protist // Parasite
Protist // Parasite How you get parasites: eat foods that have parasites (well-done cooking kills them)
Protist // Parasite “Well done, please”
Protist // Parasite
Protist // Parasite
Protist // Parasite Attacks blood cells Can’t take in O 2 Can’t make ATP (Σ)
Malaria Protist // Parasite So many protists in blood cells – cause them to burst chills, fevers ulcers diarrhea
Protist /Parasite Summary Feed on another individual (called the host) Live on or in their host’s body Highly specialized Reside in intestines, bloodstream or tissues Transmit from animal to human host
Other Vocabulary Vectors - an insect or any living carrier that transmits an infectious agent. . Carrier - an individual who serves as host for an infectious agent but who does not show any apparent signs of the illness; may serve as a source of infection for others.
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