8 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE CHAPTER 1 3 Biology

8 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE CHAPTER 1. 3

Biology, what is it? Biology- the study of life, the study of living things. Ex: Biochemistry, Ecology, Cell Biology, Genetics … and many more.

8 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. GROW AND DEVELOP REPRODUCE ENVIRONMENT (RESPONDS TO) GENETIC MATERIAL CELLS HOMEOSTASIS EVOLVE METABOLISM ****Must have all 8 to be LIVING****

(1) GROW AND DEVELOP *EVERY ORGANISM HAS A CERTAIN PATTERN OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. *During development, a single fertilized egg divides again and again. As they divide they become different and take on different tasks/jobs

(2) REPRODUCE *PROCESS OF PRODUCING OFFSPRING • 2 TYPES OF REPRODUCTION: • ASEXUAL • SEXUAL

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION **SEXUAL REPRODUCTION COMBINES THE DNA FROM 2 PARENTS= SPERM + EGG = BABY **SEEN IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION **ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION PRODUCES A NEW ORGANISM USING DNA FROM ONLY 1 PARENT. **OCCURS IN PLANTS AND BACTERIA

(3)RESPONDS TO ENVIRONMENT *REACTING TO A STIMULUS WHAT IS A STIMULUS? ? ?

STIMULUS **A SIGNAL TO WHICH AN ORGANISM RESPONDS EXAMPLE: PLANTS MOVING TOWARD SUNLIGHT, MY DOG HERSHEY BARKING AT SOMEONE WALKING IN THE DOOR.

(4) GENETIC MATERIAL **THE DIRECTIONS TO MAKE THE ORGANISM FUNCTION IN A CERTAIN WAY- INHERITED BY THEIR PARENTS. EXAMPLE: DNA (“BLUE PRINTS”)

(5) CELLS *THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE *UNICELLULAR VS. MULTICELLULAR

MULTICELLULAR (MANY) *MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS ARE MADE OF MANY CELLS EXAMPLES: TREES, FLOWERS, HUMANS

(6) HOMEOSTASIS **A CELL WORKS TO KEEP CONDITIONS INSIDE THE CELL CONSTANT/STABLE. EXAMPLE: MAINTAINING TEMPERATURE *SHIVERING WHEN YOU ARE COLD (PRODUCES HEAT TO KEEP YOU WARM)

(7) EVOLVE - AS A GROUP THEY CHANGE OVER TIME - EXAMPLE: SOME EARLY FISH EVOLVING INTO PRESENT DAY AMPHIBIANS

(8) METABOLISM*THE CHEMICAL REACTION THROUGH WHICH AN ORGANISM BUILDS UP OR BREAKS DOWN MATERIALS. EXAMPLE: BREAKING DOWN FOOD FOR ENERGY!

AUTOTROPH ORGANISMS THAT CAN MAKE FOOD INTERNALLY USING SUNLIGHT OR CHEMICALS SO IT CAN GROW AND DEVELOP. EXAMPLE: PLANTS

HETEROTROPHS ORGANISMS THAT GET THEIR ENERGY TO GROW AND DEVELOP BY CONSUMING THEIR FOOD EXAMPLES: ANIMALS-BACTERIA