8 29 18 RWS Andrew Testa PACES Recap

8 -29 -18 // RWS // Andrew Testa PACES

Recap • Recap of 8/27 class.

Laugh

What’s My Age Again?

Outline 1. Roll 2. What is Rhetoric? 3. Lecture on PACES 4. PACES Examples

1. Roll • Let’s see if I can remember names! • Please send your selfie if you haven’t already.

2. What is Rhetoric? • Rhetoric refers to the blah. • It’s basically the study of language. • Another popular definition is the ability to find the available means of persuasion. • Persuasion is key.

3. Introduction to PACES is a way to analyze a text rhetorically in part by looking at what a text does, not what it says. PACES stands for: • Project • Argument • Claims • Evidence • Strategies

Project • An author’s project describes the kind of work she sets out to do – her purpose and the method he or she uses to carry it out. • It is the overall activity that the writer is engaged in--researching, investigating, experimenting, interviewing, etc • To articulate a project—and to write an account— you need a verb, such as “researches, ” “investigates, ” “studies, ” “presents, ” “connects A with B, ” etc.

Project Good questions to ask may be: • What is the author’s project? • What is the author’s purpose for writing this text – what change is she trying to affect? • Is she trying to provoke action, change someone’s mind, reveal new information…. ? • Who is her audience? • It’s kinda like the PURPOSE from rhet sit

Examples of Projects • • • News articles: typically to investigate or report. Book/movie/song: typically to entertain or inform. Teacher: typically to instruct or teach. Donald Trump: to “Make America Great Again” Cheech and Chong: to live happily stoned.

Argument • The argument often refers to the main point, assertion or conclusion advanced by an author. • Arguments are usually concerned with contested issues.

Argument Good questions to ask may be: • What is the author’s argument? • What is the main point (assertion) the author is making in the text? • What is the THESIS?

Examples of Arguments • • • Kendrick Lamar is a true visionary. Star Wars: The Last Jedi was terrible. WP Slogan: “Democracy dies in darkness. ” A healthy body leads to a happy mind. Coachella is the best music festival. Snapchat will die a slow death because of Instagram stories.

Claims • To make a claim is to assert that something is the case, and to (hopefully) provide evidence for this. • Arguments may consist of numerous claims and sometimes also sub-claims. • Claims in academic writing often consist of an assertion, the staking out of a position, the solution to a problem, or the resolution of some shortcoming, weakness or gap in existing research.

Claims Good questions to ask may be: • In addition to the main argument, are there other claims (or sub-claims) that the author is making to support their argument? • List any/all other claims that you can identify. • Sometimes there might be many different claims in a text while for others there might be only the main argument.

Examples of Claims • • • i. Phone is better than Android. The beach is awesome. All women are gold-diggers. All men want is looks. It’s fun to work out at the gym. Instagram copied Snapchat.

Evidence • Evidence is the component of the argument used as support for the claims made. • Evidence is the support, reasons, data/information used to help persuade/prove an argument. • Some types of evidence: facts, historical examples, comparisons, examples, analogies, illustrations, interviews, statistics, expert testimony, authorities, anecdotes, witnesses, personal experiences, reasoning, etc.

Evidence Good questions to ask may be: • What type of evidence does the author use to support her claims, and her main argument? • What does the author have to go on? • What does the author use as support?

Examples of Evidence • According to a study by Harvard… (research study). • All the students I know who attend Humboldt smoke marijuana (anecdotal evidence). • He is guilty because that man saw him do it (eyewitness testimony). • Donald Trump said questionable things in his interviews with Howard Stern (interviews).

Strategies • Rhetorical strategy is a particular way in which authors craft language—both consciously and subconsciously—so as to have an effect on readers. • Strategies are means of persuasion, ways of gaining a readers’ attention, interest, or agreement.

Strategies Good questions to ask may be: • What rhetorical strategies does the author use in order to persuade her reader? • How is the author trying to persuade her reader: through appeals to emotion/pathos? Logic/logos? Credibility/ethos?

Questions? • Does anyone have any questions about PACES?

4. PACES Examples • Let’s look for the argument and main claims in the song! • https: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=XCWm. ONajk. Og

4. PACES Examples • Argument and main claims in the video. • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=h. Idsj. NGCGz 4

4. PACES Examples • http: //listverse. com/2018/08/24/10 -mind-blowing-things-thathappened-this-week-8 -24 -18/

Recap • PACES