7315 pixabay com Data on the Internet Unit

7/3/15 pixabay. com Data on the Internet Unit 3: Internet Lesson 14 CS Matters in Maryland – CS Principles 1

2 Journal �How does information get from one computing device to another using the Internet? Describe at least 3 steps that need to happen. https: //cdn. pixabay. com/photo/2016/06/06/10/48/communication-1439187_960_720. jpg CS Matters in Maryland – CS Principles 8/28/16– page 2

How does information get from one computing device to another using the Internet? 3 Did you include any of these steps? 1. Information is encoded in binary and stored until it’s ready to send. 1. Information is divided up into packets and sent. 1. When the information arrives it is decoded, reassembled, and changed back into words, pictures, sounds, data or whatever it started out as. CS Matters in Maryland – CS Principles 8/28/16– page 3

Review of Internet communication Fill in the blanks using the word bank on your handout. It will look like this. The answers are on the slides as we present. Individuals connect to the Internet through an _______ allowing them access to the system. The rules on the Internet for how messages are addressed and passed on are called ________. Each device on the internet has a unique numeric address called an _________, which can be looked up automatically using a ___________ which is like a giant address book. Each message is broken up into small pieces called _______ that are sent individually which makes the Internet more reliable. The receiving computer will send an acknowledgement confirming the receipt of each packet. If the sending computer doesn’t receive an acknowledgement, it will resend the packet until all packets have been acknowledged. Since packets often arrive out of order, they include information about the order in which they should be arranged as well as who the sender and receiver are. Packets are guided through the internet by ________. Having multiple paths or ________ makes the Internet more reliable and allows it to keep growing as more people and devices are connected to the system.

Review: How data travels Individuals connect to the Internet through an ISP (Internet Service Provider) allowing them access to the system. The rules on the Internet for how messages are addressed and passed on are called protocols.

Review: How data travels wikipedia. org Each device on the internet has a unique numeric address called an IP address, which can be looked up automatically using a Domain Name Server, which is like a giant address book.

Review: How data travels Packets are guided through the internet by routers. Having multiple paths or redundancy makes the Internet more reliable and allows it to keep growing as more people and devices are connected to the system. https: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Internet-transit. svg

Review binary codesanswers next slide Review: Binary 1. Write the number 22 in binary. _________ 2. Translate these binary numbers into decimal: 101101= _______; 111001 = _______; 1100 = _______ Use the binary number calculator to see if you got them right. Review ASCII Code (Unicode) 3. What word is encoded in ASCII below? 01110011 01101001 01100101 01101110 01100011 01100101 = _____ answers on the next slide

binary code answers Review: Binary 1. Write the number 22 in binary. 10110 2. Translate these binary numbers into decimal: a. 101101= 45 b. 111001 = 57 c. 1100 = 12 Review ASCII Code (Unicode) 3. What word is encoded in ASCII below? 01110011 01101001 01100101 01101110 01100011 01100101 = s c n i c e e

Compression 1. Information is encoded in binary and stored until it’s ready to send. a. In order to save time and storage, information is often compressed b. Data compression reduces the amount of space needed to store files. If you can halve the size of a file, you can store twice as many files for the same cost, or you can download the files twice as fast (and at half the cost if you're paying for the download). c. Words, pictures, audio and video can all be compressed.

Compression So what's the catch? Well, there can be an issue with the quality of the data – for example, a highly compressed JPEG image doesn't look as sharp as an image that hasn't been compressed. Also, it takes processing time to compress and decompress the data. In most cases, the tradeoff is worth it, but not always. Video about compressing information: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=v 1 u-v. Y 6 NEm. M

The lowest level 1. Information is encoded in binary and stored until it’s ready to send. a. As soon as you press a key on a keyboard, take a photo with your camera, or record a sound or video, the information is encoded in binary and stored until it’s ready to send. b. Computers store information using physical hardware such as transistors inside of chips. Logic gates are made of tiny transistors or on/off switches. c. Each chip in a computer performs a specific function such as the memory or processor.

The lowest level a. Low level components like transistors are combined to create high level components like video cards. b. If you design your own circuits using computer chips, you don’t have to think about what components are inside, you just need to know what the chip does and how to wire it into your circuit. c. Everything that is sent across the Internet is encoded in binary and sent along circuits to reach its destination where it is

How computer storage works How computer memory works (5: 05) http: //ed. ted. com/lessons/how-computermemory-works-kanawat-senanan Questions to answer after watching the video: 1. Each bit is stored in a memory cell as a 0 or 1. What are the challenges that hardware designers struggle with when designing computer memory as the amount of storage grows exponentially? 2. The operating system allocates space in the short term memory when you run a program. Latency is the time it takes to get information from one place to another. What are the differences between DRAM and SRAM? Which is fastest? Least expensive? What low level hardware components are they each made of? 3. Compare magnetic, optical and flash storage. List an advantage and disadvantage of each. 4. Is computer memory stable, reliable and permanent? Give specific examples of problems with different kinds of computer storage.