7 LEARNING AND CONDITIONING 7 1 Classical Conditioning

New Reflexes from Old Ivan Pavlov • 1849 -1936 • Russian physiologist • Discovered

L Relatively permanent change in behavior (or behavioral potential) due to experience earning

C onditioning A basic kind of learning that involves associations among environmental stimuli and

Figure 7. 2: Acquisition and Extinction of a Salivary Response Copyright © 2017, 2014,

Figure 7. 3: Higher-Order Conditioning Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education Inc. All

An approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the role

The Birth of Radical Behaviorism B. F. Skinner Radical behaviorism • Distinguished from Watson’s

Consequences of Behavior Reinforcement Punishment Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education Inc. All

R einforcement The process by which a stimulus or event strengthens or increases the

The process by which a stimulus or event weakens or reduces the probability of

Learning on Schedule Intermittent (Partial) Reinforcement A reinforcement schedule in which a particular response

Shaping: Getting a response to occur by reinforcing successive approximations of a desired response

B Application of operant conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce or

Latent Learning Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.

Social-Cognitive Learning Theories Social cognitive theories emphasize how behavior is learned and maintained through:

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7 LEARNING AND CONDITIONING 7. 1 Classical Conditioning 7. 4 Principles of Operant Conditioning 7. 2 Classical Conditioning in Real Life 7. 5 Operant Conditioning in Real Life 7. 3 Operant Conditioning 7. 6 Learning and the Mind PSYCHOLOGY, Twelfth Edition | Carole Wade • Carol Tavris Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.

New Reflexes from Old Ivan Pavlov • 1849 -1936 • Russian physiologist • Discovered classical conditioning – Reflexes, stimuli & responses Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.

L Relatively permanent change in behavior (or behavioral potential) due to experience earning

C onditioning A basic kind of learning that involves associations among environmental stimuli and an organism’s behavior

An approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the role of the environment and prior experience as determinants of behaviorism

The Birth of Radical Behaviorism B. F. Skinner Radical behaviorism • Distinguished from Watson’s classical conditioning • External causes of an action • Action’s consequences • Explain behavior by looking outside Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.

R einforcement The process by which a stimulus or event strengthens or increases the probability of the response that it follows

The process by which a stimulus or event weakens or reduces the probability of the response that it follows unishment

Learning on Schedule Intermittent (Partial) Reinforcement A reinforcement schedule in which a particular response is sometimes but not always reinforced. Continuous Reinforcement A reinforcement schedule in which a particular response is always reinforced. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.

B Application of operant conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce or eliminate maladaptive or problematic behavior e h a v i o r modification

Social-Cognitive Learning Theories Social cognitive theories emphasize how behavior is learned and maintained through: • Observation and imitation of others • Positive consequences • Cognitive processes (i. e. plans, expectations, beliefs) Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.