7 D Variation and classification Variation Classification OUP

7 D Variation and classification Variation Classification © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Variation and classification Variation © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Variation – What is a species? How many different types of living things are there on Earth? Scientists have identified almost 2 million different types of living things. Many more are yet to be discovered and scientists estimate there could be up to 30 million different types of living things! Each different type of living thing is called a species. Do members of the same species look exactly the same? © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Variation – Similar but different A species is a group of living things with similar features. Members of the same species can breed together to produce fertile offspring. All dogs are members of the same species but they don't all look the same. © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Variation – Similar but different Name 5 ways in which these dogs are similar. Name 5 ways in which these dogs are different. © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Variation – What is variation? Differences between members of the same species are called variation. © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Variation – What is variation? Give 5 examples of variation between humans. What do you think causes variation? © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Variation – Causes of variation Variation is caused by environmental or inherited factors. Which type of variation is described by each definition? A inherited This type of variation is passed on in genes from parent to offspring. © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college B environmental This type of variation is influenced by living conditions and surroundings.

7 D Variation – Inherited factors Inherited variation is caused by the genes passed on from parent to offspring. In humans, inherited characteristics include the colour of your eyes and hair. Blood group is another example of inherited variation. Your blood group will never change. How many inherited characteristics can you think of? © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Variation – Environmental factors Environmental variation is caused by differences in living conditions and surroundings. Climate and food supply are environmental factors that influence all living things. How might these factors cause variation? © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Variation – Environmental factors For humans, environmental factors can influence the way you look, speak and how you do things. Your country and culture can cause environmental variation. A Buddhist monk shaves off all his hair because it is part of his culture. A Sikh grows his hair long because it part of his culture. Name another way in which their environment may have influenced these people. © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Variation – Inherited factors Some inherited characteristics can be affected by environmental factors. Some musicians are born with natural talent for music, but they have to practise to to play really well. Can you think of other inherited characteristics that might be affected by environmental factors? © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Variation – Inherited, environmental or both? Decide which characteristics are inherited, environmental or both? inherited environmental both blood group wears glasses tongue rolling freckles speaks Italian dyed pink hair natural eye colour height Welsh accent © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Variation – Variation in plants Are plants also affected by environmental conditions? Sunflowers were grown in a warm environment under different conditions of soil, water and sunlight. Experiment Fertile soil 1 2 3 4 © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college Water Sunlight Results

7 D Variation – Variation in plants Experiment Fertile soil Water Sunlight Results 1 2 3 4 What are the best conditions for growth of the sunflowers? How might sunflower growth be affected if grown in a cooler environment? How could you test your prediction? © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Variation – True or false? True or False 1. The ability to roll your tongue is an inherited characteristic. 6. 5. Identical twins are more alike than most but even they are 4. Variation caused by environmental factors can be passed Only living things that are members of the same species Members of the same species all look exactly the same. The ability to roll your tongue is an inherited characteristic. Members of the same species all look exactly the same. 2. 3. Variation only occurs in animals. not exactly the same. from parent to offspring. can breed together to produce fertile offspring. Variation occurs in all living things, TRUE! Have you inherited this type of variation? Members of the same species have similar FALSE! including plants. TRUE! Identical twins inherit the same features FALSE! features but do not look exactly the same. Only inherited characteristics are passed from TRUE! Some species can be interbred. A mule is a cross between a horse and a donkey, but they have different fingerprints. parent to offspring. but it cannot produce fertile offspring. Click on the box to start the quiz © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Variation and classification Classification © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Classification – Sorting living things Living things can be grouped based on the similarities and differences between them. For example, all cats are similar to other cats, but very different from caterpillars. © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Classification – Sorting living things Sorting similar living things into groups is called classification. What two groups would you classify these living things into? starfish wheat polar bear horse chestnut tree hamster © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college daisies butterfly

7 D Classification – Kingdoms Classification starts by sorting all living things into 5 main groups called kingdoms. Living things animals fungi plants Prokaryotes Protoctista Most living things belong to the animal kingdom or the plant kingdom. Can different plants and animals be sorted into groups? © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Classification – Classifying animals There are lots of questions you might ask to continue classifying animals into smaller groups. Is it bigger than a dog? How many legs does it have? Does it have a backbone? Where does it live? Is it covered in feathers? What other questions could you ask to classify animals? Which of these questions is the most important when classifying animals? © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Classification - Vertebrates and invertebrates The most important question to ask when classifying animals is: Does it have a backbone? So the animal kingdom is divided into 2 groups: animal kingdom animals with backbones animals without backbones fish elephant snail bird spider crab worm © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Classification - Vertebrates and invertebrates animal kingdom animals with backbones animals without backbones These two groups of animals are given special names: invertebrates Which name describes which group of animals? Which group do humans belong to? © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Classification - Vertebrates are classified into 5 groups. Complete the table of features for each type of vertebrate. mammals birds reptiles body covering hairy or furry skin feathers tough skin with scales how it breathes lungs where it lives mostly on land and in water how offspring are produced most young born alive lay eggs (in water) lay eggs © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college amphibians soft, moist skin (no scales) fish scales gills

7 D Classification – Naming living things Classification divides each kingdom of living things into smaller and smaller groups. Kingdom Animal Plant Phylum Chordata Vascular Class Mammal Order Family Carnivore Monocotyledon Lilidae Canine Liliaceae Genus Canis Narcissus Species familiaris pseudonarcissus © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Classification – Naming living things Scientists give all living things a special name with two parts: - the first part is the Genus name - the second part is species name Kingdom Animal Plant Phylum Chordata Vascular Class Mammal Monocotyledon Order Carnivore Lilidae Family Canine Liliaceae Genus Canis Narcissus Species familiaris pseudonarcissus The scientific name for a domestic dog is Canis familiaris. What is the scientific name for a daffodil? © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Classification – Why is classification important? Living things have different “common” names in different languages. English goldfish French poisson rouge Spanish pez de colores German Goldfisch Italian pesce rosso scientific name Carassius auratus All living things have the same scientific name in any language. How does scientific classification make it easier for international scientists to talk about living things? © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Classification – Quiz 1. Sorting things into groups is called… a) magnification. b) fabrication. c) classification. 2. The largest type of group of living things is called a… a) kingdom. b) queendom. c) princedom. © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Classification – Quiz 3. The smallest type of group of living things is called a… a) vertebrate. b) species. c) fungus. 4. Why do scientists classify living things into groups? a) To list living things in alphabetical order. b) To see how living things are related to each other. c) To arrange living things in order of size. © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Classification – Quiz 5. Animals are divided into two main groups called… a) cats and dogs. b) fish and mammals. c) vertebrates and invertebrates. 6. What do vertebrates have in common? a) They all walk backwards. b) They all have a backpack. c) They all have a backbone. © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Classification – Quiz 7. What is the body covering on reptiles? a) Soft, moist skin with no scales. b) Soft, moist skin with scales. c) Tough, hard skin with scales. 1. 8. Dolphins live in water and give birth to live young that feed off their mother's milk. What kind of vertebrate are dolphins? a) Mammals. b) Fish. c) Amphibians. © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

7 D Classification – Quiz 9. The scientific name for a domestic cat is… a) Tiddles. b) Moggius domesticus. c) Felis catus. 10. The first part of the scientific naming system is… a) the Genius. b) the Genus. c) the Genie. © OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college