7 b RNA and Protein synthesis I What

7 b. RNA and Protein synthesis

I. What is RNA? • RNA Ribonucleic Acid • Different kinds of RNA • m. RNA – carries the instructions for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome • t. RNA- brings amino acid to ribosome Character in the story?

II. RNA Structure • Single Stranded • Base Unit/ Subunit: Nucleotides • Phosphate • Sugar (Ribose) • Nitrogen Base

II. RNA Structure • Four Nitrogen bases in DNA: • Four Nitrogen bases in RNA: • Adenine • Guanine • Cytosine • Thymine • Adenine • Guanine • Cytosine • Uracil What is different from DNA? Thymine Uracil

III. Comparing DNA and RNA

III. Comparing DNA and RNA DNA BOTH RNA

IV. Protein Synthesis • Synthesis- to make larger complex molecules out of simple ones • Basic unit of proteins- Amino Acids • Protein synthesis- Combining amino acids into proteins SER GLU Amino Protein Acids PRO GLY

IV. Protein Synthesis Two Parts to synthesizing proteins 1. Transcription- Makes RNA from DNA 2. Translation- Makes Amino Acids/Proteins from RNA

V. Transcription • Transcribe- To write • Transcription-Turning DNA into RNA (Writing out instructions) Process 1. Helicase “unzips” DNA. 2. RNA Polymerase makes new copies of strands. 3. m. RNA is allowed to leave the nucleus. HELICASE RNA Polymerase

VI. Base Pairing in DNA and RNA • Base Pairs in DNA: A–T T–A G–C C–G • Base Pairs in RNA: A–U T–A G–C C–G

Base Pairing Practice A-T-T-G-C-C-C-T _______ A-A-C-A-A-G-T-C _______ T-G-G-G-C-G ________ T-A-T-T-C-C-C-G _______ T-G-C-A-T-G _______ T-T-G-T-C-T-G-G _______

VII. Translation- ribosome turns RNA into amino acids chains (proteins) Codon- 3 letter (nitrogen base) code from RNA Amino Acid- building blocks for proteins *Each codon is a code for an amino acid*

VII. Translation- turns RNA into amino acids chains (proteins) 1. m. RNA attaches to Ribosome 2. Ribosome translates every 3 nitrogen bases (codon) into amino acids, which are brought to ribosome by t. RNA. 3. Ribosome binds (attaches) amino acids into a chain. 4. Chain of amino acids is released as a protein. PRO GLU SER GLY

VIII. Universal Codon Chart

IX. Comparing Transcription and Translation Job Where in the cell? Transcription DNA RNA Translation RNA Proteins Nucleus Ribosome (Cytoplasm)