7 6 On the Brink of War pt

7. 6 On the Brink of War (pt. 1) pp. 196 -198

Objective: 1. Tell why colonists formed the Continental Congress.

Review 1. Define social mobility— 2. What was the name of the religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730 s and 1740 s? 3. Who were two leading preachers of the Great Awakening? 4. Define Enlightenment— 5. According to John Locke, what are our three natural rights? 6. Who was an important figure in the development of American science? 7. List three of Franklin’s inventions. 8. Who was the former slave who became a well-respected poet during the Colonial Era? 9. What was the name of Benjamin Franklin’s colonial bestseller?

10. Which European nations fought each other in the French and Indian War? 11. What region was at the center of the land quarrel between France and Britain? 12. Which Native Americans sided with the British? 13. Which 21 -year-old major in the Virginia militia did the British send to force the French out of the Ohio Valley?

14. Which British minister of war took control and showed great skill for planning troop movements and strategy? 15. On what grassy field did the British win the climactic Battle of Quebec? 16. What treaty official ended the French and Indian War? 17. List some important provisions (parts) of the Treaty of Paris (1763).

18. Which Ottawa chief led a Native American rebellion in the Ohio Valley? 19. What did the Proclamation of 1763 forbid? 20. What was the most pressing problem facing Great Britain after the French and Indian War? 21. What did the Sugar Act (1764) tax? 22. What did the Quartering Act (1765) require? 23. What products were taxed under the Stamp Act (1765)? 24. According to colonists, what cherished idea was violated by the Stamp Act? 25. What protest group did angry colonists form? 26. Define boycott— 27. Which Virginian made a speech in the House of Burgesses in which he called the Stamp Act illegal and hinted that it might lead to violence against the British king?

28. What did the Declaratory Act (1766) state? 29. What products were taxed under the Townshend Acts (1767)? 30. Define writs of assistance— 31. What were nonimportation agreements? 32. Members of what group formed by colonial women protested British policies by taking pledges against drinking British tea and by wearing only homespun cloth? 33. Which outspoken leader of the Sons of Liberty kept public anger simmering against the unpopular policies of Parliament? 34. What provoked the Boston Massacre (1770)? 35. Who was the most famous victim/martyr of the Boston Massacre? 36. What were Committees of Correspondence? 37. Although the Townshend Acts were repealed, a tax remained on one product. Name it. 38. What act allowed the British East India Company to sell its tea directly to the colonies at very low prices? 39. Describe the events that became known as the Boston Tea Party (1773).

A. Punishing the Colonies (p. 196) 1. Many in the colonies— including Benjamin Franklin— thought the Boston Tea Party was wrong. 2. To the British government, however, it was an act of lawlessness that deserved swift and severe punishment. 3. In March 1774 Parliament passed a series of laws known as the Coercive Acts.

B. Coercive Acts (p. 196) 1. 2. 3. 4. The port of Boston was closed until payment was made for the tea. The Massachusetts legislature and town meetings were suspended. British troops could be quartered in any town in Massachusetts—even in private homes. The provisions of the Coercive Acts were so harsh that the colonists referred to them as the Intolerable Acts.

C. Quebec Act (pp. 196 -197) 1. At the same time Parliament passed the Quebec Act, which extended the Canadian province of Quebec south to the Ohio River. 2. Colonists believed the boundary changes were made to keep American settlers out of the western lands.

D. The First Continental Congress (p. 197) 1. The Coercive Acts made many colonists want to fight back. 2. A call went out for delegates from each colony to meet and discuss their common concerns. 3. In September 1774, 56 delegates from every colony except Georgia met in Philadelphia to form what became known as the First Continental Congress.

E. Natural Rights (p. 197) 1. 2. 3. The congress based its final position on the colonists’ natural rights (life, liberty, and property) and on the colonists’ rights as British citizens. The congress signed a petition in which they insisted that they, and the people they represented, were loyal subjects of George III. The delegates also arranged to meet again in a second congress in May 1775.

F. Moving Toward Crisis (p. 197) 1. Parliament debated ways to respond to the colonists. 2. But King George III and his advisers saw the colonies as disobedient children and pushed to keep British soldiers in America to enforce Parliament’s laws.

Review: 40. Which set of British laws shut down the port of Boston? 41. What did colonists call the Coercive Acts (1774)? 42. What colonial assembly met in September 1774 to discuss the common concerns of the colonists? 43. Who was the King of England at this time?