7 4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Slide

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Slide 1 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life The differences among living things arise from the ways in which cells are specialized to perform certain tasks and the ways in which cells associate with one another to form multicellular organisms. Slide 2 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Unicellular Organisms Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell. Unicellular organisms dominate life on Earth. Slide 3 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Multicellular Organisms that are made up of many cells are called multicellular. There is a great variety among multicellular organisms. Slide 4 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Multicellular Organisms What is cell specialization? Slide 5 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Multicellular Organisms Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks. This process is called cell specialization. Slide 6 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Multicellular Organisms Specialized Animal Cells Animal cells are specialized in many ways. The shape of a cell is related to its function. Slide 7 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Multicellular Organisms Red blood cells transport oxygen. Large surface area, for oxygen to pass through Contains hemoglobin, which joins with oxygen Slide 8 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Multicellular Organisms Nerve cells-to carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body Long Connections at each end Can carry electrical signals Slide 9 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Multicellular Organisms Muscle cells allow movement. • these are thin strands made of the proteins actin and myosin that perform muscle contraction. • The elongated shape of muscle cells allows the contraction proteins to line up in an overlapping pattern that makes muscle flexing possible. Slide 10 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Multicellular Organisms Specialized Plant Cells Plants exchange carbon dioxide, oxygen, water vapor, and other gases through tiny openings called stomata on the undersides of leaves. Highly specialized cells, known as guard cells, regulate this exchange. Slide 11 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Multicellular Organisms Stomata enclosed by guard cells. Slide 12 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Levels of Organization What are the five levels of organization in multicellular organisms? Slide 13 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Levels of Organization The levels of organization in a multicellular organism are: • individual cells • tissues • organ systems • organism Slide 14 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Levels of Organization Muscle cell Smooth muscle tissue Stomach Digestive system Slide 15 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Levels of Organization In multicellular organisms, cells are the first level of organization. Slide 16 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Levels of Organization Tissues Similar cells are grouped into units called tissues. A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a particular function. Slide 17 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Levels of Organization Slide 18 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Levels of Organization Most animals have four main types of tissue: • muscle • epithelial • nervous • connective Slide 19 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Levels of Organization Organs are groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function. Slide 20 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Levels of Organization Slide 21 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Levels of Organization Organ Systems In most cases, an organ completes a series of specialized tasks. A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function is called an organ system. Slide 22 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The Diversity of Cellular Life Levels of Organization Slide 23 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 Click to Launch: Continue to: - or - Slide 24 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 Cell specialization is characteristic of a. bacteria. b. all unicellular organisms. c. yeasts. d. multicellular organisms. Slide 25 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 Which of the following cells is specialized for contraction? a. muscle cell b. red blood cell c. pancreatic cell d. nerve cell Slide 26 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 The stomach is an example of a(an) a. tissue. b. organ. c. organ system. d. organism. Slide 27 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 Which of the following shows the levels of organization in an organism from the simplest to the most complex? a. organ system, organ, cell, tissue b. tissue, cell, organ system c. cell, tissue, organ system d. cell, organ, tissue, organ system Slide 28 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7 -4 Which of the following would probably contain the greatest variety of specialized cells? a. an organ system b. a tissue c. an organ d. a multicellular organism Slide 29 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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