7 3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Key Concepts

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7. 3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Key Concepts 1. How are proteins made in

7. 3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Key Concepts 1. How are proteins made in the cell? 2. What are the differences between DNA and RNA? 3. How does are genetic code work? Vocabulary • Transcription • Translation • Protein Synthesis • Uracil • 3 types of RNA

The Plan Where is DNA found in a cell? Where are proteins made in

The Plan Where is DNA found in a cell? Where are proteins made in a cell? How does DNA help make proteins if it cannot leave the nucleus? Lets Draw what happens:

RNA • RNA stands for ___________ • Large molecule that makes proteins for cells

RNA • RNA stands for ___________ • Large molecule that makes proteins for cells • There are three types of RNA: 1. m. RNA – 2. t. RNA – 3. r. RNA –

Types of RNA • Messenger RNA (m. RNA) • Transfer RNA (t. RNA) carries

Types of RNA • Messenger RNA (m. RNA) • Transfer RNA (t. RNA) carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome • Ribosomal RNA (r. RNA) winds up tightly into the ribosome • What happens at the ribosome?

RNA Structure A strand of RNA is made of monomers called nucleotides • Each

RNA Structure A strand of RNA is made of monomers called nucleotides • Each nucleotide has three parts: 1. Sugar (ribose) 2. Phosphate 3. Nitrogen base • What are the four nitrogen bases in RNA?

DNA and RNA • What are three differences between DNA and RNA? 1. 2.

DNA and RNA • What are three differences between DNA and RNA? 1. 2. 3.

Transcription • • • Process of _____________ Occurs in the nucleus The nitrogen bases

Transcription • • • Process of _____________ Occurs in the nucleus The nitrogen bases in RNA always bond to their complement on the DNA strand • • • Adenine binds ____________ Thymine (on DNA) binds to adenine Guanine binds to cytosine

Transcription 1. The enzyme RNA polymerase unzips a DNA molecule 2. RNA nucleotides bond

Transcription 1. The enzyme RNA polymerase unzips a DNA molecule 2. RNA nucleotides bond to the DNA • What are the base pairing rules for DNA and RNA? 3. Finished m. RNA is released into the cytoplasm 4. DNA molecule re-twists into a double helix

Transcription IF DNA is like a cookbook (instructions) then m. RNA is like the

Transcription IF DNA is like a cookbook (instructions) then m. RNA is like the ________

Protein Synthesis • Proteins are made of monomers called ___________ • Code in DNA

Protein Synthesis • Proteins are made of monomers called ___________ • Code in DNA and RNA represents different amino acids • The order of the nitrogen bases in DNA determines how the amino acids are put together to make a protein • Like the alphabet makes words

Genetic Code • The genetic code is _______________ • All organisms have the same

Genetic Code • The genetic code is _______________ • All organisms have the same nitrogen bases and amino acids • So why aren’t all organisms the same?

Genetic Code • DNA is transcribed into RNA • A group of three bases

Genetic Code • DNA is transcribed into RNA • A group of three bases on RNA is called a ____________ • There a possible ____ different codons that code for ____ amino acids • There are codons to signal the beginning (____) and end (_____)of the protein molecule

Genetic Code

Genetic Code

How the Genetic Code Works 1. Transcribe DNA into RNA 2. Divide RNA into

How the Genetic Code Works 1. Transcribe DNA into RNA 2. Divide RNA into codons 3. Translate RNA into an amino acid sequence Decode the following DNA sequence into RNA and amino acids: DNA: T A C A G T A T C G T A RNA: AA:

Translation

Translation

Protein Synthesis Summary • Create a flow map to show the process of protein

Protein Synthesis Summary • Create a flow map to show the process of protein synthesis