7 2 Types of Reactions In a combustion

7. 2 Types of Reactions In a combustion reaction, a candle burns using the oxygen in the air. Learning Goal Identify a reaction as a combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or combustion. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Types of Reactions Chemical reactions can be classified as • combination reactions. • decomposition reactions. • single replacement reactions. • double replacement reactions. • combustion reactions. Some reactions may fit into more than one reaction type. Core Chemistry Skill Classifying Types of Chemical Reactions General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Combination Reactions In a combination reaction, • two or more elements form one product. • simple compounds combine to form one product. 2 Mg(s) + O 2(g) 2 Mg. O(s) 2 Na(s) + Cl 2(g) 2 Na. Cl(s) SO 3(g) + H 2 O(l) H 2 SO 4(aq) General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Combination Reaction: Mg. O In a combination reaction, two or more substances combine to form one substance as a product. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Decomposition Reaction In a decomposition reaction, one substance splits into two or more simpler substances. 2 Hg. O(s) 2 Hg(l) + O 2(g) 2 KCl. O 3(s) 2 KCl(s) + 3 O 2(g) General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Decomposition Reaction: Hg. O In a decomposition reaction, one reactant breaks down into two or more products. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Single Replacement Reaction In a single replacement reaction, one element takes the place of a different element in another reacting compound. Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) Zn. Cl 2(aq) + H 2(g) Fe(s) + Cu. SO 4(aq) Fe. SO 4(aq) + Cu(s) General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Single Replacement Reaction: Zn. Cl 2 In a single replacement reaction, an atom or ion replaces an atom or ion in a compound. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Double Replacement Reaction In a double replacement reaction, the positive ions in the reactant compounds switch places. Ag. NO 3(aq) + Na. Cl(aq) Ag. Cl(s) + Na. NO 3(aq) Zn. S(s) + 2 HCl(aq) Zn. Cl 2(aq) + H 2 S(g) General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Double Replacement Reaction: Ba. SO 4 In a double replacement reaction, the positive ions in the reactants replace each other. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Combustion Reaction In a combustion reaction, • a carbon-containing compound burns in oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water (H 2 O). • energy is released as a product in the form of heat. CH 4(g) + 2 O 2(g) CO 2(g) + 2 H 2 O(g) + energy C 3 H 8(g) + 5 O 2(g) 3 CO 2(g) + 4 H 2 O(g) + energy General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake In a combustion reaction, a candle burns using oxygen in the air. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Summary Reaction Types General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chemistry Link to Health: Toxicity of CO When a propane heater, fireplace, or woodstove is used to burn fuel, adequate ventilation is needed. When the oxygen supply is limited, incomplete combustion occurs • from burning gas, oil, or wood and produces CO, carbon monoxide. • according to the following reaction: 2 CH 4(g) + 3 O 2(g) 2 CO(g) + 4 H 2 O(g) + heat General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chemistry Link to Health: Toxicity of CO Carbon monoxide (CO) • is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas. • attaches to hemoglobin molecules when inhaled. • reduces the amount of oxygen gas (O 2) that can reach the cells. • causes a person to experience a reduction in exercise capability, visual perception, and manual dexterity. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chemistry Link to Health: Toxicity of CO Hemoglobin is the protein in the blood that transports O 2 to cells. When hemoglobin bound to CO (COHb) reaches • 10%, a person may experience shortness of breath, mild headache, and drowsiness. • 30%, a person may experience more severe symptoms, including dizziness, mental confusion, severe headache, and nausea. • 50%, a person could become unconscious and die if not treated immediately with oxygen. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Study Check Identify each reaction as combination, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, or double replacement. A. 2 Al(s) + 3 H 2 SO 4(aq) Al 2(SO 4)3(s) + 3 H 2(g) B. Na 2 SO 4(aq) + 2 Ag. NO 3(aq) Ag 2 SO 4(s) + 2 Na. NO 3(aq) C. N 2(g) + O 2(g) 2 NO(g) D. C 2 H 4(g) + 3 O 2(g) 2 CO 2(g) + 2 H 2 O(g) General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution Identify each reaction as combination, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, or double replacement. A. 2 Al(s) + 3 H 2 SO 4(aq) Al 2(SO 4)3(s) + 3 H 2(g) Single Replacement B. Na 2 SO 4(aq) + 2 Ag. NO 3(aq) Ag 2 SO 4(s) + 2 Na. NO 3(aq) Double Replacement General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution Identify each reaction as combination, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, or double replacement. C. N 2(g) + O 2(g) 2 NO(g) Combination D. C 2 H 4(g) + 3 O 2(g) 2 CO 2(g) + 2 H 2 O(g) Combustion General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Study Check Identify each reaction as combination, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, or double replacement. A. 3 Ba(s) + N 2(g) Ba 3 N 2(s) B. 2 Ag(s) + H 2 S(aq) Ag 2 S(s) + H 2(g) C. 2 C 2 H 6(g) + 7 O 2(g) 4 CO 2(g) + 6 H 2 O(g) D. Pb. Cl 2(aq) + K 2 SO 4(aq) 2 KCl(aq) + Pb. SO 4(s) E. K 2 CO 3(s) K 2 O(aq) + CO 2(g) General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution Identify each reaction as combination, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, or double replacement. A. 3 Ba(s) + N 2(g) Ba 3 N 2(s) Combination B. 2 Ag(s) + H 2 S(aq) Ag 2 S(s) + H 2(g) Single Replacement C. 2 C 2 H 6(g) + 7 O 2(g) 4 CO 2(g) + 6 H 2 O(g) Combustion General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution Identify each reaction as combination, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, or double replacement. D. Pb. Cl 2(aq) + K 2 SO 4(aq) 2 KCl(aq) + Pb. SO 4(s) Double Replacement E. K 2 CO 3(s) K 2 O(aq) + CO 2(g) Decomposition General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.