6903 Colloquium 3 Parity Violation in RHICSpin Parity

ビックバン宇宙論 6/9/03 Colloquium 3

Parity Violation in RHIC-Spin Parity Violation on Drell-Yan process, Jet production Including Interference Contribution between Weak Interaction & QCD etc. proton sub-quark contact interaction sub-quark q, l q’, l’ jet Drell-Yan q, l q’, l’ quark (lepton) Form Factor 6/9/03 Colloquium 5

T-Violation CPT Theorem 局所場の方程式がLorentz変換に対して不変であれば 相互作用はCPT不変となる これが正しければ（検証実験続行中）、 CP-Violation は T-Violation と同義 1998 Discovery of T-Violation CERN-CPLEAR & KTe. V Experiments T Conservation 超冷中性子（E<10 -7 e. V）の電磁場中での歳差運動 ラーモア歳差運動の振動数 電場の向きを変えて振動数の差を検出する Neutron: 6 x 10 -26 ecm Electron: 0. 07 x 10 -26 ecm T-Violation in K 0 -K 0 bar Mixing State (CP-Violationと同起源？) 6/9/03 Colloquium CKMによる説明 8

Transverse Polarization KEK-PS E 246 崩壊面と垂直方向のmuonの偏極度の測定 Transverse Nuclear Polarization 6/9/03 Colloquium 9

Transverse Nuclear Polarization Position Momentum Spin Electric Field Magnetic Dipole Moment Electric Dipole Moment Transverse Polarization r p s s T r -p E E B -B s・B s・E - s・E s・(p 1 xp 2) - s・(p 1 xp 2) s P -r -p -E B s・B - s・E s・(p 1 xp 2) 6/9/03 Colloquium 10

Beta Decay Experimental Observable I Beta Decay = Three Body Decay Very Low Energy Possible Observable Momentum: Electron, Neutrino n Invisible n momentum determination pn = - ( pe + precoil ) Recoil Ion Measurement Polarization: Initial Nuclei, Electron b Copyright WITCH collab. 6/9/03 Colloquium 11

Phenomenological Formalism and Requirements a-coefficient [bn corr. ] D-coefficient [T-odd, P-even] R-coefficient [T-odd, P-odd] electron momentum, neutrino momentum (recoil energy) (Recoil Ion Detection) electron momentum, neutrino momentum, Ion polarization (Recoil Ion Detection) electron momentum, Ion polarization, electron polarization Unpol. Cold RI Decay Exp. Polarized Cold RI Decay Exp. a-coefficient, R-coefficient D-coefficient T-Violation Exp. = Final Goal ! (Needs Atomic Beam Polarizer) Requirements AFARA - As Free As Reasonably Achievable Slow, Cold : Kinetic Energy << Recoil Ion Energy of ~ 100 e. V (Neutral Atomic Beam) Low Statistics Ion Trap ~ Good but not ideal …(because of the EM field) High Statistics 6/9/03 Colloquium 12

Current Limit and Model Predictions Current Limits (x 10 -3) emi. T ‘ 02 Princeton ‘ 84 Final State Int. ~ 2. 6 x 10 -4(19 Ne) αZm/p BNL ‘ 80 KEK ‘ 02 FNAL ‘ 88 CKM q-QCD Model Prediction on D < 10 -12 Included in SM < 10 -14 CP-Violation in QCD SUSY (Higgs) < 10 -6 Left-Right Symmetry < 10 -4 Leptoquark(P-even) < 10 -4 Multiple Higgs generate Complex CKM Phase Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Combination of lepton & quark 6/9/03 Colloquium 13

Princeton Polarized 19 Ne Experiment (1984) 6/9/03 Colloquium 14

Beta-neutrino Correlation Hunting New Interaction (Physics Beyond the Standard Model) New Gauge Boson, Leptoquark, , | Standard Model Weak Boson + New Interaction | 2 Interference Term ( fine modification to SM prediction ) Interaction Properties bn correlation n momentum determination pn = - ( pe + precoil ) WR Mass Limits Beta decay 320 Ge. V Muon decay 430 Ge. V KL-KS Mass Diff. 1. 6 Te. V D 0 720 Ge. V 6/9/03 Colloquium New Gauge Boson, Leptoquark, , Sensitive on the Large Extra Dimension ? 15

New Experimental Approach All the existing experiments = Recoil energy spectrum measurements CERN-ISOLDE-WITCH Single Recoil Spectra Direct bn corr. Measurement by particle tracking b+-I corr. 6/9/03 Colloquium 16

Detector Setup for a and D Exp. TOF , Hit Position, Vertex Micro Sphere Plate Delay Line Anode ~70 micron Ion Momentum Wedge&Strip Anode ~50 micron (slow) Gas Jet Profile 6/9/03 TOF Resolution , Detector Length Colloquium Delay Line Drift Chamber Electron Polarimeter ? ~100 micron 17

Sensitivity and Required Statistics Assumptions: 1. RARF Intensity 2. 100% Stopping 3. 99% Loss in Traps 4. V=200 m/s with 2 m detector 5. Acceptance & Eff. 1% Shooting Ne Isotopes Aiming 0. 5% level (first step) 6/9/03 Colloquium 18

RI Beam Buffering High Pressure – Long SF 6 Gas Stopping Buffer + Cold Trap + Chemical Filters Only for Noble Gas ! Cold Parallel Atom Beam using Lavar Nozzle (supersonic gas jet) LBL 88’ cyclotron 15 Me. V proton SF 6 Gas Target 19 F(p, n)19 Ne ORNL reactor 9 Be(n, alpha)6 He H 2 O Vapor 6/9/03 Colloquium 19

Experimental Configuration RIBF Test Exp. @ 戻しBL ? High Pressure – Long SF 6 Gas Stopping Buffer + Cold Trap + Chemical Filters Unpol. Noble Gas Cold Parallel Atom Beam using Lavar Nozzle (supersonic gas jet) RARF (R&D) - RIBF 6/9/03 Colloquium 20

Atomic Beam Spin Polarizer at RIKEN 6/9/03 Colloquium 21

Experimental Area at RIBF 6/9/03 Colloquium 22

Models of Physics Beyond the Standard Model New Gauge Boson String Theory E 6 , GUT SO(10) SU(2)Rx. SU(2)Lx. U(1) Restore Left-Right Symmetry in High Energy Contact Interaction, Composite Quark & Lepton Mass Eigenstates M 2>720 Ge. V (D 0) WR = Righthanded Charged Current q, l 　q’, l’ quark (lepton) Form Factor Modifications in bn Coefficients 6/9/03 Colloquium 23

Nuclear Physics Approach Determination of the V-A Structure 1957 by a-coefficient Weak Interaction: V-A structure, Weak Boson quark model, Cabibbo rotation GWS (Electroweak Theory) = SM CV: CVC (weak magnetism) CA~-1. 26 CV: QCD Correction Nuclear Medium Effect CKM Unitarity Crisis |Vud| from Fermi Decay Ft Values |Vud|2+|V +|Vus|2+|V +|Vub|2=0. 9968+-0. 0014 Righthanded Charged Current ? Hunting Scalar Interaction 32 Ar Fermi Decay, E. G. Adelberger PRL 83 (1999) T. D. Lee and C. N. Yang, Phys. Rev. 104 (1956) A-coefficient = Parity Violation 6/9/03 Colloquium 24

High Energy Physics Approach Direct Indirect TEVATRON 2 Te. V Pol-exp. HERA pol-DIS (~300 Ge. V) RHIC-Spin pol-pp 500 Ge. V CDF DY LHC 14 Te. V 2006 VLHC 60 -200 Te. V ? ? ? Parity Violation at RHIC (Jet) Lepton Collider: NLC (Next Linear Collider) 0. 5, 1, 1. 5 Te. V NNLC (Next-to-Next Linear Collider) 5 Te. V LMC (Large Muon Collider) 4 Te. V 6/9/03 Colloquium 25