682021 Chem160 1 Covalent Bonds 682021 Chem160 2
6/8/2021 Chem-160 1
Covalent Bonds 6/8/2021 Chem-160 2
LET’S FIRST REVIEW IONIC BONDING 6/8/2021 Chem-160 3
In an IONIC bond, electrons are lost or gained, resulting in the formation of IONS in ionic compounds. K 6/8/2021 F Chem-160 4
K 6/8/2021 F Chem-160 5
K 6/8/2021 F Chem-160 6
K 6/8/2021 F Chem-160 7
K 6/8/2021 F Chem-160 8
K 6/8/2021 F Chem-160 9
K 6/8/2021 F Chem-160 10
K 6/8/2021 + F Chem-160 _ 11
K + F _ The compound potassium fluoride consists of potassium (K+) ions and fluoride (F-) ions 6/8/2021 Chem-160 12
K + F _ The ionic bond is the attraction between the positive K+ ion and the negative F- ion 6/8/2021 Chem-160 13
So what are covalent bonds? 6/8/2021 Chem-160 14
In covalent bonding, atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration (the octet rule). 6/8/2021 Chem-160 15
In covalent bonding, atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration (the octet rule). But rather than losing or gaining electrons, atoms now share an electron pair. 6/8/2021 Chem-160 16
In covalent bonding, atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration (the octet rule). But rather than losing or gaining electrons, atoms now share an electron pair. The shared electron pair is called a bonding pair 6/8/2021 Chem-160 17
Chlorine forms a covalent bond with itself 6/8/2021 Cl 2 Chem-160 18
Cl 6/8/2021 Cl Chem-160 How will two chlorine atoms react? 19
Cl Cl Each chlorine atom wants to gain one electron to achieve an octet 6/8/2021 Chem-160 20
Cl Cl Neither atom will give up an electron – chlorine is highly electronegative. What’s the solution – what can they do to achieve an octet? 6/8/2021 Chem-160 21
Cl 6/8/2021 Cl Chem-160 22
Cl Cl 6/8/2021 Chem-160 23
Cl Cl 6/8/2021 Chem-160 24
Cl Cl 6/8/2021 Chem-160 25
Cl Cl octet 6/8/2021 Chem-160 26
Cl Cl octet 6/8/2021 circle the electrons for each atom that completes Chem-160 their octets 27
Cl Cl The octet is achieved by each atom sharing the electron pair in the middle 6/8/2021 circle the electrons for each atom that completes Chem-160 their octets 28
Cl Cl The octet is achieved by each atom sharing the electron pair in the middle 6/8/2021 circle the electrons for each atom that completes Chem-160 their octets 29
Cl Cl This is the bonding pair 6/8/2021 circle the electrons for each atom that completes Chem-160 their octets 30
Cl Cl It is a single bonding pair 6/8/2021 circle the electrons for each atom that completes Chem-160 their octets 31
Cl Cl It is called a SINGLE BOND 6/8/2021 circle the electrons for each atom that completes Chem-160 their octets 32
Cl Cl Single bonds are abbreviated with a dash 6/8/2021 circle the electrons for each atom that completes Chem-160 their octets 33
Cl Cl This is the chlorine molecule, Cl 2 6/8/2021 circle the electrons for each atom that completes Chem-160 their octets 34
O 2 Oxygen is also one of the diatomic molecules 6/8/2021 Chem-160 35
O O How will two oxygen atoms bond? 6/8/2021 Chem-160 36
O O Each atom has two unpaired electrons 6/8/2021 Chem-160 37
O 6/8/2021 O Chem-160 38
O 6/8/2021 O Chem-160 39
O 6/8/2021 O Chem-160 40
O 6/8/2021 O Chem-160 41
O 6/8/2021 O Chem-160 42
O 6/8/2021 O Chem-160 43
O O Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative. So both atoms want to gain two electrons. 6/8/2021 Chem-160 44
O O Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative. So both atoms want to gain two electrons. 6/8/2021 Chem-160 45
O 6/8/2021 O Chem-160 46
O 6/8/2021 O Chem-160 47
O O 6/8/2021 Chem-160 48
O O 6/8/2021 Chem-160 49
O O Both electron pairs are shared. 6/8/2021 Chem-160 50
O O 6 valence electrons plus 2 shared electrons = full octet 6/8/2021 Chem-160 51
O O 6 valence electrons plus 2 shared electrons = full octet 6/8/2021 Chem-160 52
O O two bonding pairs, making a double bond 6/8/2021 Chem-160 53
O O O =O For convenience, the double bond can be shown as two dashes. 6/8/2021 Chem-160 54
O =O This is the oxygen molecule, O 2 6/8/2021 Chem-160 55
6/8/2021 Chem-160 56
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