6500 BC Shulaveri Shomu From the South Balkans
6500 BC Shulaveri Shomu From the South Balkans EEF farmers that earlier had jumped over Thrace were now pushing south as well into this Balkans zone, called Iron Gates, and even farther south, to form the horizon of Starcevo-Cris Neolithic and LBK farmers… Several spurs of highly pastoral people from the Balkans into (better, trough) Anatolia had already occurred in the past. A good example might be found as far as Hogoshim in Israel in the 8 th millennium. Agriculture was a late arrival to the Balkans. Initially agriculture jumped over Thrace and Balkans. Mesolithic Hunter gatherers in North Caucasus and Russian steppes (EHG). Land scarcely populated, 2000 years after Kotias Klide (CHG). In east with the chokh people and in western with Darkveti rock shelters. Interesting distinctions for CHG admixes in the future. Precursors of Shulaveri Shomu, R 1 b M 269 and speaking a early Pre-PIE Language (for the lack of better word), inhabiting area around what is known as Iron Gates and southwestern of it. Ovcarovo Gorata in Romania should be an example. They start to experiment with agriculture, due to northern influences but also as south EEF approach. The Shulaverian Hypothesis (Origin of PIE and R 1 b-M 269 -L 23) Other EEF farmers, linked to Barcin people, started to move into Thrace, Bulgaria and eventually Romania. They had many lessons and agriculture variety to add to Pre-Shulaveri Portfolio Iran Neolithic people of palces such as Ganj Dareh in western Iran were settled in this side of the Zagros Mountains ** https: //shulaveri 2 bellbeaker. blogs. sapo. pt/
6200 BC Shulaveri Shomu Shores of Black Sea A forest line, that might explain why agriculture leaped over this area and now was a route for influx of people from South Balkans into North Anatolia. Black sea had lower shores so many remains of these movement of people is under water. Fikertepe, with spoons, bone and mudbrick is a transitional period. Climatic 8. 2 Kiloyear dispersed communities. Overtaken by Farmers, WHG remained in Balkans albeit in very small numbers as seen by the abandonment of places such as Ostrovul Corbului, Schela Cladovei, Ovcarovo Gorata. By these dates Halaf is formed. As does Hassuna and Samarra settlements. Halaf is also still a mystery, since they do not come across as pure EEF type of people. There might be surprises in the future regarding this eclectic culture and I wouldn’t put it past me that they were also of Balkans origin and the ones responsible for the arrival of initial pastoral life style (much farther south) These newly mobile people are found mixing with Fikertepe, region that in turn already had elevated pastoral records when compared to Barcin culture for instance. Fikirtepe could very well represent a mixing area with the flow of people on the Black sea shores. Here they learned mudbrick architecture amongst many other things. (R 1 b-M 269) The Shulaverian Hypothesis (Origin of PIE and R 1 b-M 269 -L 23) ** https: //shulaveri 2 bellbeaker. blogs. sapo. pt/
6000 BC Shulaveri Shomu Birth of Shulaveri - Shomu The huge settlements of Vinca Culture are being erected The rise of the Shulaveri. They occupy vacant land. Cattle and ovicaprids were Anatolian and not Zagros Iranic. Cereals were from the west. Settlements were erect on small hills, overseeing a river and at observation distance from one another. A central yard, round Mudbrick houses, cereal silos and bend walls surrounding the settlements. Shulaveris Gora is settled Arknashen, Aratashen, Marsis blur is settled South of this mountains Halaf. There is a possibility they also came from Balkans and be somewhat related to SSC (R 1 b-V 88? ). Alternatively a representation of Anatolian Genetic admix into Iran Neolithic The Shulaverian Hypothesis (Origin of PIE and R 1 b-M 269 -L 23) Ubaid, Samarra and Hassuna from the south, in Iraq (J 2 a? J 1 a? ). So, were they of the same stock as Halaf or completely different and same as Ubaid? Iranic J 2 b herdsman. Progressively moving north to later meet the Shulaveri pastorals in places such as the North and south shores of Urmia lake, notably in Hajji Firuz ** https: //shulaveri 2 bellbeaker. blogs. sapo. pt/
5500 BC Shulaveri Shomu The PIE speakers and the playground of R 1 b-L 23 Shulaveris Gora, Gadrachilli gora, Arukhlo, Imeris gora, Khramis Didi gora, Shomu tepe, Mentesh tepe, Goytepe - the big settlements: URHEIMAT OF PIE AND L 23 The Shulaveri: Most diverse cereals (from Spelt to Millet); First ever Hydraulic structure (to diverge a river); Inventors of wine, Apicultures; Copper awls, first draft animals (by skeleton deformations); First Plough (made of Antler); knew horses, Highly pastoral; Long Blades; Round architecture, Fanatic for beads (copper and carnelian), vast usage of Ochre; Dogs … PIE speakers, R 1 b-L 23 …Halaf becoming Ubaid expanding (snake people) The Shulaverian Hypothesis (Origin of PIE and R 1 b-M 269 -L 23) …Shulaveri as far south as living with Iran Neolithic herdsman in Hajji Firuz …are seen south closer to Karabakh region in a very pastoral node Lighter colour means transhumance or at least highly pastoral Shulaveri. Shomu. Their footprints are becoming each year more visible in Azerbaijan in particular. Their steppe like lifestyle will be visible as many newly found sites are excavated. Nothing coming out of those sites will surprise me. ** https: //shulaveri 2 bellbeaker. blogs. sapo. pt/
4900 BC Shulaveri Shomu The end of a cycle – Shulaveri are gone! The END OF Shulaveri: Suddenly all settlements were abandoned. With a layer of ashes in many of them. – The creation of the most prominent tale of IE language – The hero and the serpent (dragon). Next we see the Sioni culture with different Pottery, different architecture and settling by the river and not on the hills like they did. different life style. Nothing like them resurges. The future is of Leilatepe and Kura-Araxes almost a 1000 years later and Maykop not much later. Very light. Some must had already crossed to north Caucasus since later stages of 6 th Millennium BC. This CHG is not the Iranian one XX X X ? ? - For sure, many residuals of Shulaveri stock of people must have stayed, dispersed, absorbed, or pushed to the mountains or scattered to the west. However they preserved the Language, hence 3000 years later we see Anatolian Languages as IE languages The Shulaverian Hypothesis (Origin of PIE and R 1 b-M 269 -L 23) What happened? ! Did the serpents come (Ubaid)? Its still a mystery the sudden vanishing of the Shulaveri in the region. Who were they? ! – they brought L 1 a Male Haplogroup and M Mtdna Haplogroups. ** https: //shulaveri 2 bellbeaker. blogs. sapo. pt/
4700 BC Of Kubans and the Kumtepe Girl (Kum 6) Very early stages of the second phase of the Shulaveri - Shulaveri 2 Boian phase. Population arriving and making camps to survive. Still the land of the Vasil'evka, Dereivka and Samara men. KUBANS - Very early stages of what would make the Meshoko, Zamok and Svobodnoe settlements. The early making of the Zakubanye culture or the KUBAN RIVER CULTURES. it’s the arrival of the Agriculture to North Caucasus. The END OF Shulaveri is the Dispersal of PIE: The divergence of the Shulaverian Hypothesis to the Armenian Hypothesis, apart from being very specific and focus on Shulaveri-Shomu, is that the latter assumes centrality of this time onwards at the formation of IE languages. Shulaverian Hypothesis postulates it was the END OF THE URHEIMAT OF PIE language and of the people that created it. Shulaveri Shomu I don’t yet really know if the KUMTEPE girl (Kum 6) was a Shulaveri girl. But was admixed with Shulaveri (and showing CHG)She is a genetic component that bridged to the second waive of EEF admix that is seen later in Europe. She is related to Klei 10 , Pal 7 in Greece and to the Iceman Otzi. The Shulaverian Hypothesis (Origin of PIE and R 1 b-M 269 -L 23) The slow brewing to cook the Ginchi, Sioni, Leilatepe to lead to the later formation of Kura. Araxes. Even Uruk, and even later Mesopotamian civilizations, all of those has its foundations somewhat in the forward Admix of these people Refuges leave little footprints and therefore this is a time that archaeology has difficulties finding evidences. If some Khvalynsk was related to Shulaveri in 4300 BC, it had broken away over 500 years before. ** https: //shulaveri 2 bellbeaker. blogs. sapo. pt/
4600 BC Shulaveri Shomu becoming … PRICKED PEARL POTTERY CULTURE and yaseneva polyana. One can track Shulaveri and PIE going the Kuban river up to Samara river and the steppes of Ukraine. R 1 b-L 23, Z 210 (J 2 a and J 2 b Brothers? ) The SHULAVERI arrived to steppe with mt. Dna H (H 2, H 15) , I and N 1 a and maybe U 4. BOIAN CULTURE – There is a distinct possibility that they are the true heirs of the Shulaveri going to Bell Beakers. Was L 51 (the one) born amongst them? The re-birth!: Shulaveri are reborn as Boian (Bulgaria), as Khvalynsk man (Ukraine) and as Merimbe-beni-salama (Delta Nile Egypt). Every time a culture is disrupted, regresses and reshapes then adapted to the new environments. MERIMDE BENI SALAMA- in 2016 was my bet to the Shulaveri 2 Bell beakers in Iberia so, Shulaveri going to Bell Beakers. They are by far the most intriguing stock of them all. They had many Shulaveri traits. They are my best bet to bedazzle the world when their a. Dna comes out. They are known as the arrival of agriculture to Egypt. Fayum – again a remarkable pastoral place, like in Azerbaijan, where since 5500 BC a pastoral way of live arrives. by 4500 BC, After a period of no activity comes the resurge with people associated to Merimde. The Shulaverian Hypothesis (Origin of PIE and R 1 b-M 269 -L 23) Seen in very short lived settlements in places like TEL TSAF. this place is famous by its copper awl, associated with Aruklho copper of Shulaveri land, as well as obsidian from Armenia. MESHOKO, the fortified place is being attacked from the south. It’s the formation of what is clearly the first of two completely differentiated cultures in Meshoko. All it will remain later is the copper awls. The Bad Guys- Here they are: G 2, J 1 and L 1 MEN and having mt. Dna of T 1, HV and M. ** https: //shulaveri 2 bellbeaker. blogs. sapo. pt/
4000 BC Boian/Gulmenita Culture - The Boian evolved into the Gulmenita culture, which also borrowed from the Vădastra culture. And a part of the Boian society moved to the northeast along the Black Sea coast, encountering the Hamangia culture where they merged to form the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture Fates: Shulaveri people after Shulaveri Shomu The Murky waters… The Yamanya horizon starts to form. What is called the steppe component it’s a different thing Arm eni an Sta Hypot rts… hes is The Steppe admix was not Yamnaya admix. It results of a long exchange between northern Balkans and Ukraine Steppes. The admix that fed into CWC might not ever been in Yamnaya land at all. Boian/Gulmenita Maikop, Kura-Araxes and Uruk (Bulgaria/Romania) became lost followed– Nothing to do with in Pre-Cucuteni and engaging PIE (contrast to Armenia “cousins” from steppe, Hypothesis) Hamangia culture and LBK. Merimde beni Salama, El Omari, Sais, etc. From south, not from Shulaveri, came the Badari Merimbe-beni-salama (Delta They are Shulaveri: Spelt cereals, diverse cereal, dogs, round culture. They were the ones that lived near Egypt) engage badari Culture architecture, silos, pig, cattle, donkeys are found with them. Merimde. Morphological not like Merimde, but beads in carnelian, bone awls and needles, stones for sling from south. By 4000 BC all over almost 400 years got many of Shulaveri traits. shots. Brought love for beads in carnelian and not longer is Maadi later was an hybrid of both and everything Merimde sites were gone. found copper awls and grape pips. was overtaken by Naqada from the south that Merimdians, like Shulaveri, Morphologically were of a Long vault crania, tall and slender made per-dynastic Egypt moved on. people not from the region. The Shulaverian Hypothesis (Origin of PIE and R 1 b-M 269 -L 23) ** https: //shulaveri 2 bellbeaker. blogs. sapo. pt/
3700 BC Shulaveri Shomu Even Murkier waters… CWC CTT GAC Krivodol-Salcuţa Culture - In the wake of all the admixing of the northwestern shores of Black sea this would be the ones still more Shulaverian. This is a dangerous spat of time, because Krivodal type of people (L 51? ) would be roaming scarcely all over northern shores of Mediterranean sea. 5. 9 K 5. 9 Kiloyear: After climatic events (Kiloyear) records are difficult to make sense of. The same end for Merimde can also be seen as vanishing of the large settlements of Varna or the Shulaverian Gulmenita that had large settlements by these times. 5. 9 kiloyear event (3900 BC) th Sahara bir Previously referenced as the bovedean pastoral phase, running from the aeolian winds of Sahara whatever the dimentions they had it was destroyed by the Sands of Sahara. The Shulaverian Hypothesis (Origin of PIE and R 1 b-M 269 -L 23) Neqada II Not much is left. Just Maadi to be engulfed. Culturally much from Shulaveri is left here. PRE-GAC and PRE-CWC ensemble. There was also something below lurking From Gulmenita (Boian) to Varna, and Karanovo VI a streak of cold climate unseen in the previous 2000 years sees the abandonment of settlements and a return to open field, small tells and settlements. What really is Suvorovo and Cernovada cultures ? Do we really know if something else but local early 4 th millennium stressed by 5. 9 Kiloyear event population. Steppe ancestry (CHG+EHG) was already common in the region for a while without any relations to Yamnaya ** https: //shulaveri 2 bellbeaker. blogs. sapo. pt/
3200 BC The centrality of Iberia for Bell Beakers GAC CWC Chalcolithic Iberia: The arrival of a complete new stock of people, for the most part, with carinated pottery, level pressure blade making, round architectures, arrows, fortified settlements and CONFLICT. It came from north Africa for sure. Partly. However it can not be ruled out also coming from north Mediterranean hence, the conflict, that spawned for the following 500 Years. A myriad of fortified settlements protecting open air big settlements (>100 HA) is the norm for this period. Shulaveri Shomu Ya ya a mn Yamnaya stood where it was born, for most part of it The result of 1000 years of havoc, created by the 5. 9 Kiloyear climatic event, made a mesh of several admixes that is what is going will be carrying what is called steppe component of several cultures. Was L 51 here? It’s the proto-bell beaker environment. By these dates the ensuing formation of VNSP and Zambujal cultures, where oldest bell beakers are AMS dated, were also from a population laden with R 2 b-L 23 -L 51. This area regretfully was a region intensively used for agriculture for millennia and is being difficult to find proper original bell beakers from 2800 -2700 BC or direct inhumations from VNSP or Zambujal. The Shulaverian Hypothesis (Origin of PIE and R 1 b-M 269 -L 23) Or there? ** https: //shulaveri 2 bellbeaker. blogs. sapo. pt/
2500 BC All the arrows of several Bell Beakers 2400 BC CWC After the war: Bell beakers Leave Iberia without steppe by 2700 BC. They could, or not, be of L 51 stock or L 151…or not at all - No Portugal Bell Beaker male has been sequenced thus far. They will arrive back by 2400 BC and with steppe ancestry with them. Time will tell where was the original L 51. Shulaverian Hypothesis is primarily about the people and traits the Delivered PIE and L 23 oversized successful reproduction. - Either is proven correct or wrong. Shulaveri Shomu C 28 B 00 The Shulaverian Hypothesis (Origin of PIE and R 1 b-M 269 -L 23) ** https: //shulaveri 2 bellbeaker. blogs. sapo. pt/
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