6 th European Working Conditions Survey Job quality

6 th European Working Conditions Survey Job quality and working life in Europe Agnès Parent-Thirion Senior Programme Manager

European Working Conditions Survey 35 49 countries language versions 43, 850 45 106 face to face interviews (CAPI) at worker’s homes questions minutes Sixth edition 1991, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 2

Focus on job quality The Union and Member States shall have as their objectives … improved living and working conditions Job quality associated with employment rate, longer working lives Micro level, job quality improves health, well-being, productivity Support other (European) policy objectives , such as gender equality A tool to monitor and guide future developments in the world of work

Key findings Job quality is multidimensional Each dimension supports a positive experience of working life Progress in job quality limited over last ten years Important differences between groups: gender, occupation, countries Clustering of jobs shows working lives more complex: 5 Source: profiles EWCS 2005, 2010 and 2015 , EU 28 but EU 27 in 2005 4

Gender segregation at job level 15 17 16 20 22 21 8 30 54 56 33 To ta l en W om M en 8 Mostly men Mostly women Approximately equal Nobody else has the same job title Source: 6 EWCS – EU 28 5

Representation at the workplace 100 Health and safety delegate or committee 90 NO 80 DKFI UK IE 70 RO SK 60 EU 28 MT PL EE 50 BG 40 LT 30 TU LV CZ HU PT BE FR IT HR CY CH SE LU NL DE ES AT SL MK GR RS ME 20 AL 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Trade union, works council or a similar committee representing employees Source: 6 EWCS, EU 28 6 80 90

Job quality over time Physical environment Social environment • Adverse social behaviour • Social support • Management quality • Posture-related • Ambient • Biological and chemical • Work Quantitative demands incl. intensity emotional • Pace determinants and interdependency Skills and discretion • Cognitive dimension inc. computer use • Decision latitude • Organisational participation • Training Working time quality • Duration • Atypical working time • Working time arrangements • Flexibility Prospects • • Career prospects Employment status Job security Downsizing Earnings Source: Eurofound (2012), Trends in job quality in Europe, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. 7

Job quality over time Physical environment : full index 82 83 2005 2010 Social environment 83 Not comparable over time Skills and discretion 2015 Work intensity 43 41 66 63 62 42 2005 2010 2015 Prospects Working time quality Not comparable over time 82 84 84 Earnings 2005 2010 2015 Not comparable over time Source: 6 EWCS, EU 28 8

Fair pay by earnings 66 53 46 44 41 1 st quintile 2 nd quintile 3 rd quintile Source: 6 EWCS, EU 28 9 4 th quintile 5 th quintile

Physical environment Lifting or moving people Handling infectious materials Handling chemicals 2015 Vibrations 2010 Noise 2005 2000 (EU 27) Carrying or moving heavy loads Tiring or painful positions Repetitive movements 0% 10%20%30%40%50%60%70% Source: 6 EWCS, EU 28 10

Features of work intensity Source: 6 EWCS – EU 28 in 2015 11

Working time quality Duration • Working hours continue to decline • 26% no 11 -hour break between working days Atypical working hours • Increase in shift and Sunday work • Long working, very short working hours Working time arrangements Flexibility Source: 6 EWCS 2015 EU 28 • Companies set working time arrangements • 13% notice of change 24 hours or less • 12% work at short notice a few times a month • 26% easy to arrange to take an hour off work • 22% work in free time to meet work demands 12

Social environment - Figure 53 of the report : asb by ocucpation Source: EWCS 2005, 2010 and 2015 , EU 28 but EU 27 in 2005 Source: 6 EWCS 2015 EU 28 13

n la n d ch Ir U. R ela K ep n N N ub d et o li h rw c er a Lu E lan y xe st ds m on b i B ou a e r S lgi g lo u v m S ak w i S ed a lo e v n A en u ia s Fr tri G a a er n m ce a M ny al D EU ta e Li nm 28 th a u rk a S w Po ni it la a ze n rl d a S nd pa La in tv i P It a or a t ly C ug r a H oa l u ti n a g S ary e FY rbi R R a om O M a C ni y B pr a u u lg s Tu ari a M A rk on lb ey te an n ia e G gr re o ec e ze C Fi Skills and discretion 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Underwent training provided by employer Did not get training but asked employer for it Source: 6 EWCS, EUR 35 14

Prospects Employme nt status • 1% workers find difficult to report employment status • Self-employed without employees, changing group Job security • 17% might lose their job in next 6 months Career prospects • 38% report good career prospects Employme nt change • 23% report downsizing, 20% new jobs Source: 6 EWCS, EU 28 15

Job quality by sector Source: 6 EWCS, EU 28 16

Job quality: positive impact for workers Subjective wellbeing Making ends meet Health Engagement Work-life balance Less absence and presenteeism Motivation Sustainable work Meaningful work Social Climate 17

Job quality profiles High flying Smooth running Under pressure Poor quality Active manual EU 28 workforce 2015 19% 22% 13% 25% 22% 18

Job quality profiles and quality of working lives Source: 6 EWCS 19

Final points Occupation, gender, play important role in job quality - and national policies and practices Strong association between each dimension of job quality and positive working life experience and performance Challenges in job profiles call for different policy responses to improve quality of these jobs Each job quality dimension can be improved through workplace practices and policies: Source: EWCSrepresentation 2005, 2010 and 2015 , EU 28 but EU 27 in 2005 employee important Important to monitor job quality in Europe and 20

Merci, Report: http: //bit. ly/6 EWCSReport Information and data visualisation: http: //bit. ly/6 EWCS 2015 apt@eurofound. europa. eu 21