6 SCM Supply Chain Management mailto ckfarnmgt ncu

6 電子化供應鏈管理: SCM: Supply Chain Management 中央大學. 資訊管理系 范錚強 mailto: ckfarn@mgt. ncu. edu. tw http: //www. mgt. ncu. edu. tw/~ckfarn 2007. 12 updated 中央大學。范錚強 1

Target’s Supply Chain Source: Chuck Poirier (CSC Consulting), Frank Quinn (Supply Chain Management Review) “Survey of Supply Chain Progress– Best Practices and More, ” U-Connect 2007. 中央大學。范錚強 3

舒緩供應鏈的困難 增加能見度 Replenishments from supplier 1400 Manufacturer 1200 1000 orders 800 600 400 200 Distributor 0 sell-through Store 中央大學。范錚強 12

供應商：從單純供貨到確保有貨 Order-based operation: Buyer Planning Inventory mgmt Purchase order Reception Warehousing Seller Inventory mgmt Warehousing Sales order Delivery Planning Vendor-managed inventory (VMI): Buyer Planning Inventory mgmt Purchase order Reception Warehousing Seller Planning Inventory mgmt Warehousing Sales order Delivery 中央大學。范錚強 39

上漲的船運費用提高成本 Average Global Bunker Prices increased 121% from 2002 to 2006 YTD July, 29% year-on-year in 2006 YTD July. Maersk Line spent close to $ 2 billions on ocean bunker in 2005. Additional 20% increase in bunker expense is expected in 2006 due to further fuel price hikes. 中央大學。范錚強 41

成長的痛苦和機會 Total U. S. volume in 2010 is expected to equate to 237, 000 more TEU’s per week Terminal capacity will be exceeded. More trucks will be required. Rail system will need additional cars, engines and trackage. Highway system will need to be expanded. More jobs will be created. Source: Steve Harmon (Kimberly-Clark), John Fedorchak (Maersk), “Global Logistics Management– How to Gain Visibility and Avoid Errors, ” U Connect 2007. 中央大學。范錚強 43

國際貿易複雜度提高 Source: Steve Harmon (Kimberly-Clark), John Fedorchak (Maersk), “Global Logistics Management– How to Gain Visibility and Avoid Errors, ” U Connect 2007. 中央大學。范錚強 44

C 計畫中的 e. Financing 以交易為基礎的融資 3. Order 銀行 Inquiry 5. Loan 6. Payment 2. Loan 4. Order Request Info 中心廠 1. Order 中央大學。范錚強 7. Balance Payment 供應商 58

供應鏈中的電子化觀念 QR: Quick Response 1984, 主要是服飾業 快速反應顧客需求 解決庫存積壓和過期問題 ECR: Efficient Consumer Response 1992, 零售業，擴大QR 涵蓋供應商和製造商 觀念 VMI/SMI CPFR: Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment 中央大學。范錚強 66

CPFR: 協同規劃、預測和供貨 1990代初， Wal-Mart 和 Warner-Lambert 開始新嘗試 Develop front-end agreement 根據此觀念 VICS (Voluntary Create joint business plan Interindustry Commerce Standards ) 發展CPFR模型 Create sales forecast Identify and resolve exceptions 優點 降低庫存 降低缺貨 增加營業額 Source: www. cpfr. org Create order forecast Identify and resolve exceptions Order generation 中央大學。范錚強 67

What is CPFR®? A business practice that combines the intelligence of multiple trading partners in the planning and fulfillment of customer demand. CPFR® links sales and Marketing best practices, such as category management, to supply chain planning and execution processes to increase availability while reducing inventory, transportation and logistics costs. 1. Collaborative Planning 2. Collaborative Forecasting 3. Collaborative Replenishment 中央大學。范錚強 68

CPFR 2004 CPFR reference model 中央大學。范錚強 70

tasks 1: Collaboration Arrangement 1. 協同品類 與商品管理 Collaboration Arrangement: Sets the business goals for the relationship. Defines the scope of collaboration. Assigns roles, responsibilities, checkpoints and escalation procedures. 中央大學。范錚強 71

tasks 2: Joint Business Plan: Promotions. Inventory policy changes. Store opening/closing. Product introduction. 2. 協同促銷 企劃管理 中央大學。范錚強 72

tasks 3: Sales Forecasting: Projects consumer demand at the point of sale. 3. 協同銷售 預測管理 中央大學。范錚強 73

tasks 4: Order Planning/Forecasting: Determines future product ordering and delivery requirements base upon— The sales forecast Inventory positions Transit lead times Other factors, Depending on relationship. 4. 協同訂單 預測管理 中央大學。范錚強 74

tasks 5: Order Generation: Transitions order forecasting to firm demand through an automated or release process. 5. 協同訂 單管理 中央大學。范錚強 75

tasks 6: Order fulfillment : The process of producing, packaging, shipping, delivering, and stocking products for customer purchase. 6. 協同補 貨管理 中央大學。范錚強 76

tasks 7: Exception Management : Evaluates planning and execution data against predefined tolerances and thresholds. Alerts collaboration participants to out-ofbound conditions. Provides an exception resolution process in which plans are adjusted or operational changes are made. 7. 異常狀 況處理 中央大學。范錚強 77

tasks 8: Performance Assessment : Use key metrics to: 8. 協同效益 分析管理 Evaluate the achievement of business goals. Uncover trends. Develop alternative strategies. 中央大學。范錚強 78

精確的伙伴預測 Sales Retailer forecast too low Retailer forecast too high Time 中央大學。范錚強 80

階段性差異 using point-ofsales data to rapidly update forecasts for new products sharing of planning information Sales automatic monitoring of sales, shared exception alerts using the supplier’s forecast Time 中央大學。范錚強 81

Demand-Driven Supply Network 中央大學。范錚強 86

特力貿易的全球供應鍊 Factory PO Head Office Factory PO 2 W Lead Time Asia Buying Office Recei ving ry PO Facto ASN US DC Store Asia Warehouse Consolidation Yard Asia Factory Replenishment 5 Day Lead Time Inventory 6 W Store 6 W Import Warehouse Production 4 W On Water 中央大学。范铮强 4 W Factory 4 W 90

Complete Supply Chain Visibility Weekly Store Sales Monthly DC Demand Forecast Monthly DC Supply Monthly DC On Hand Qty Day On Hand 中央大学。范铮强 91

Test. Rite Example 中央大学。范铮强 92

供應鏈體系Process Integration架構 ERP 供應商 Rosettanet/ XML Focal XML EC Server (Enterprise Ver. ) EC Server Interne t (Standard Ver. ) XML ERP Rosetta. Net PIPs 中央大學。范錚強 98

什麼是標示語言(Markup Language) “Markup” is a method of conveying metadata (that is, information about a dataset). Markup Language use string literals, or “tags”, to delimit and describe this data. 用途：方便閱讀、印刷、資訊交換 printer typesetting, proofreader, punctuation, ASCII, C, RTF 中央大學。范錚強 101

Example: HTML Document <HTML> <H 1 ALIGN=CENTER>硬體</H 1> <FONT FACE size=2>顯示卡</FONT> <FONT FACE size=2>誠洲</FONT> <FONT FACE size=2>世旻電腦</FONT> <FONT FACE size=2>林宏明</FONT> 中央大學。范錚強 102

XML的優點 開放平台： open, platform-independent Vocabulary: 可以依Application Domain 定義tag An XML vocabulary is a description of XML data that is used as the medium for information exchange, often within a specific domain of human activity(business, chemistry, law, music, for example) Program Readable 註：XML is not a programming language, nor an objectbased system, nor an operating system. It is a powerful, elegant technique for thinking about, exchanging, and presenting data in a platformindependent manner. 中央大學。范錚強 104

XML與瀏覽器 XML改變了瀏覽器的內部結構 HTML Interpreter XML Parser XML使“Hypertext”網頁變成“Application”網頁 Application Software Browser Software XML網頁不需瀏覽器，可經由應用系統直接 處理 中央大學。范錚強 105

Client Side of Web-XML Presentation Module Browse r. Application Document Valid. Handler ater URL Parser XML File HTTP Server 中央大學。范錚強 106

Rosetta. Net is a consortium of major Information Technology, Electronic Components and Semiconductor Manufacturing companies working to create and implement industry-wide, open e-business process standards. Cluster 0: Rosetta. Net Support Provides administrative functionality Cluster 1: Partner, Product and Service Review Allows information collection, maintenance and distribution for the development of trading-partner profiles and productinformation subscriptions 中央大學。范錚強 107

Rosetta. Net Cluster 2: Product Information Enables distribution and periodic update of product and detailed design information, including product change notices and product technical specifications Cluster 3: Order Management Lets partners order catalog products, create custom solutions, manage distribution and deliveries, and support product returns and financial transactions Cluster 4: Inventory Management Enables inventory management, including collaboration, replenishment, price protection, reporting and allocation of constrained product 中央大學。范錚強 108

Rosetta. Net Cluster 5: Marketing Information Management Enables communication of marketing information, including campaign plans, lead information and design registration Cluster 6: Service and Support Provides post-sales technical support, service warranty and asset management capabilities Cluster 7: Manufacturing Enables the exchange of design, configuration, process, quality and other manufacturing floor information to support the "Virtual Manufacturing" environment 中央大學。范錚強 109

Rosetta. Net PIP Partner Interface Process (PIP) message guidelines and XML DTD's (Document type definition). Understand what the PIP number represents. A PIP number has 3 parts: a number + a letter + another number. Example: 3 A 4 The first number represents the Cluster. PIP 3 A 4 is in Cluster 3. The letter represents the Segment. PIP 3 A 4 is in Segment A of Cluster 3. The second number is a sequential number which completes the PIP number. PIP 3 A 4 is the 4 th PIP in Segment A of Cluster 3. 中央大學。范錚強 110

Rosetta. Net 3 A 4 PIP 中央大學。范錚強 111

Rosetta. Net 3 A 4 PIP RN 3 A 4 中央大學。范錚強 112