6 B 2 B EC and SCM Supply

6 B 2 B EC and SCM: Supply Chain Management 電子化供應鏈管理 國立中央大學. 資訊管理系 范錚強 mailto: ckfarn@mgt. ncu. edu. tw http: //www. mgt. ncu. edu. tw/~ckfarn 2010. 05 updated 中央大學。范錚強 1

舒緩供應鏈的困難 增加能見度 Replenishments from supplier 1400 Manufacturer 1200 1000 orders 800 600 400 200 Distributor 0 sell-through Store 中央大學。范錚強 37

增加需求能見度 Replenishments from supplier 1400 Manufacturer 1200 1000 orders 800 600 400 200 Distributor 0 sell-through Store 中央大學。范錚強 41

滾動預測 假設：預測 5 週，對後一週凍結 黃底色：訂單、藍底色：凍結預測 +0 W 1 W 2 W 3 W 4 W 5 100 +1 110 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 80 90 75 80 120 100 120 110 90 95 110 115 100 120 95 100 110 120 100 110 中央大學。范錚強 42

供應商：從單純供貨到確保有貨 Order-based operation: Buyer Planning Inventory mgmt Purchase order Reception Warehousing Seller Inventory mgmt Warehousing Sales order Delivery Planning Vendor-managed inventory (VMI): Buyer Planning Inventory mgmt Purchase order Reception Warehousing Seller Planning Inventory mgmt Warehousing Sales order Delivery 中央大學。范錚強 46

CPFR: 協同規劃、預測和供貨 1990代初， Wal-Mart 和 Warner-Lambert 開始新嘗試 Develop front-end agreement 根據此觀念 VICS (Voluntary Create joint business plan Interindustry Commerce Standards ) 發展CPFR模型 Create sales forecast Identify and resolve exceptions 優點 降低庫存 降低缺貨 增加營業額 Source: www. cpfr. org Create order forecast Identify and resolve exceptions Order generation 中央大學。范錚強 57

What is CPFR®? A business practice that combines the intelligence of multiple trading partners in the planning and fulfillment of customer demand. CPFR® links sales and Marketing best practices, such as category management, to supply chain planning and execution processes to increase availability while reducing inventory, transportation and logistics costs. 1. Collaborative Planning 2. Collaborative Forecasting 3. Collaborative Replenishment 中央大學。范錚強 58

CPFR 2004 CPFR reference model 中央大學。范錚強 60

tasks 1: Collaboration Arrangement 1. 協同品類 與商品管理 Collaboration Arrangement: Sets the business goals for the relationship. Defines the scope of collaboration. Assigns roles, responsibilities, checkpoints and escalation procedures. 中央大學。范錚強 62

tasks 2: Joint Business Plan: Promotions. Inventory policy changes. Store opening/closing. Product introduction. 2. 協同促銷 企劃管理 中央大學。范錚強 63

tasks 3: Sales Forecasting: Projects consumer demand at the point of sale. 3. 協同銷售 預測管理 中央大學。范錚強 64

tasks 4: Order Planning/Forecasting: Determines future product ordering and delivery requirements base upon— The sales forecast Inventory positions Transit lead times Other factors, Depending on relationship. 4. 協同訂單 預測管理 中央大學。范錚強 65

tasks 5: Order Generation: Transitions order forecasting to firm demand through an automated or release process. 5. 協同訂 單管理 中央大學。范錚強 66

tasks 6: Order fulfillment : The process of producing, packaging, shipping, delivering, and stocking products for customer purchase. 6. 協同補 貨管理 中央大學。范錚強 67

tasks 7: Exception Management : Evaluates planning and execution data against predefined tolerances and thresholds. Alerts collaboration participants to out-ofbound conditions. Provides an exception resolution process in which plans are adjusted or operational changes are made. 7. 異常狀 況處理 中央大學。范錚強 68

tasks 8: Performance Assessment : Use key metrics to: 8. 協同效益 分析管理 Evaluate the achievement of business goals. Uncover trends. Develop alternative strategies. 中央大學。范錚強 69

Demand-Driven Supply Network 中央大學。范錚強 75

特力貿易的全球供應鍊 Factory PO Head Office Factory PO 2 W Lead Time Asia Buying Office Recei ving ry PO Facto ASN US DC Store Asia Warehouse Consolidation Yard Asia Factory Replenishment 5 Day Lead Time Inventory 6 W Store 6 W Import Warehouse Production 4 W On Water 中央大学。范铮强 4 W Factory 4 W 79

Complete Supply Chain Visibility Weekly Store Sales Monthly DC Demand Forecast Monthly DC Supply Monthly DC On Hand Qty Day On Hand 中央大学。范铮强 80

8+ Inventory Turnover Test Rite Logistics Operation Summary Period: August, 05 ~ August, 06 8+ DC Inventory Yearly Turnover Rate 中央大學。范錚強 81

Warehouse Inventory Reduction Test Rite Logistics Operation Summary Period: August, 05 ~ August, 06 Store Count Average In Stock % Average Turn/Year 2500 2200 97. 5% 95. 6% 98. 5% 10. 5 9. 6 8. 8 中央大學。范錚強 82

2006 Storage Business Performance 2005 2006 % Retail Sales (USD) $31. 4 M $43. 9 M 39. 80% Store Instock 92. 16% 95. 17% Retail Turn 5. 6 Net Margin 42. 32% Avg Lead Time (day) Order Fill Rate 4. 8 89. 73% 中央大學。范錚強 3. 26% 6. 49 15. 89% 46. 46% 9. 78% 3. 33 45. 45% 95. 13% 6. 00% 83

國際貿易複雜度提高 Source: Steve Harmon (Kimberly-Clark), John Fedorchak (Maersk), “Global Logistics Management– How to Gain Visibility and Avoid Errors, ” U Connect 2007. 中央大學。范錚強 92

上漲的船運費用提高成本 Average Global Bunker Prices increased 121% from 2002 to 2006 YTD July, 29% year-on-year in 2006 YTD July. Maersk Line spent close to $ 2 billions on ocean bunker in 2005. Additional 20% increase in bunker expense is expected in 2006 due to further fuel price hikes. 中央大學。范錚強 94

成長的痛苦和機會 Total U. S. volume in 2010 is expected to equate to 237, 000 more TEU’s per week Terminal capacity will be exceeded. More trucks will be required. Rail system will need additional cars, engines and trackage. Highway system will need to be expanded. More jobs will be created. Source: Steve Harmon (Kimberly-Clark), John Fedorchak (Maersk), “Global Logistics Management– How to Gain Visibility and Avoid Errors, ” U Connect 2007. 中央大學。范錚強 97

電腦輔助 程設計 PLM: Product Life-cycle Management 產品生命週期管理 PDM: Product Data Management 產品資料管理 文件流程、存取管理 程圖製作 CAD: Computer Aided Design 中央大學。范錚強 100

協同設計中的主要功能 線上協同設計Online design collaboration 協同物料取得─Collaborative sourcing 共同核心技術研發─Co-developing core technology ERP integration Design for X（DFX） 中央大學。范錚強 114

產品設計的趨勢：DFX Design for X e. Xcellence Manufacturability Maintainability Quality Reliability Logistics Disposal Environment … 基本上，增加上下游合作的需求 中央大學。范錚強 115

系統功能分析 設計活動 Part sourcing Design Specification/BOM Design diagrams Engineering change Customer requests 支援性活動 On Line Collaboration Design Process/Control Diagrams Mgt. /Documents Mgt. 基礎建設 中央大學。范錚強 116

價值分析 主要價值 Lower product costs throughout the total life cycle Better product quality Shorter time-to-market 衍生價值 Early Involvement Joint Decision Making Relationship Improvement 潛在價值 Innovation Quality Innovation Numbers Access to New Technology & Complementary Skills 中央大學。范錚強 117

供應鏈體系Process Integration架構 ERP 供應商 Rosettanet/ XML Focal XML EC Server (Enterprise Ver. ) EC Server Interne t (Standard Ver. ) XML ERP Rosetta. Net PIPs 中央大學。范錚強 126

什麼是標示語言(Markup Language) “Markup” is a method of conveying metadata (that is, information about a dataset). Markup Language use string literals, or “tags”, to delimit and describe this data. 用途：方便閱讀、印刷、資訊交換 printer typesetting, proofreader, punctuation, ASCII, C, RTF 中央大學。范錚強 130

Example: HTML Document <HTML> <H 1 ALIGN=CENTER>硬體</H 1> <FONT FACE size=2>顯示卡</FONT> <FONT FACE size=2>誠洲</FONT> <FONT FACE size=2>世旻電腦</FONT> <FONT FACE size=2>林宏明</FONT> 中央大學。范錚強 131

XML的優點 開放平台： open, platform-independent Vocabulary: 可以依Application Domain 定義tag An XML vocabulary is a description of XML data that is used as the medium for information exchange, often within a specific domain of human activity(business, chemistry, law, music, for example) Program Readable 註：XML is not a programming language, nor an objectbased system, nor an operating system. It is a powerful, elegant technique for thinking about, exchanging, and presenting data in a platformindependent manner. 中央大學。范錚強 133

XML與瀏覽器 XML改變了瀏覽器的內部結構 HTML Interpreter XML Parser XML使“Hypertext”網頁變成“Application”網頁 Application Software Browser Software XML網頁不需瀏覽器，可經由應用系統直接 處理 中央大學。范錚強 134

Client Side of Web-XML Presentation Module Browse r. Application Document Valid. Handler ater URL Parser XML File HTTP Server 中央大學。范錚強 135

Rosetta. Net is a consortium of major Information Technology, Electronic Components and Semiconductor Manufacturing companies working to create and implement industry-wide, open e-business process standards. Cluster 0: Rosetta. Net Support Provides administrative functionality Cluster 1: Partner, Product and Service Review Allows information collection, maintenance and distribution for the development of trading-partner profiles and productinformation subscriptions 中央大學。范錚強 136

Rosetta. Net Cluster 2: Product Information Enables distribution and periodic update of product and detailed design information, including product change notices and product technical specifications Cluster 3: Order Management Lets partners order catalog products, create custom solutions, manage distribution and deliveries, and support product returns and financial transactions Cluster 4: Inventory Management Enables inventory management, including collaboration, replenishment, price protection, reporting and allocation of constrained product 中央大學。范錚強 137

Rosetta. Net Cluster 5: Marketing Information Management Enables communication of marketing information, including campaign plans, lead information and design registration Cluster 6: Service and Support Provides post-sales technical support, service warranty and asset management capabilities Cluster 7: Manufacturing Enables the exchange of design, configuration, process, quality and other manufacturing floor information to support the "Virtual Manufacturing" environment 中央大學。范錚強 138

Rosetta. Net PIP Partner Interface Process (PIP) message guidelines and XML DTD's (Document type definition). Understand what the PIP number represents. A PIP number has 3 parts: a number + a letter + another number. Example: 3 A 4 The first number represents the Cluster. PIP 3 A 4 is in Cluster 3. The letter represents the Segment. PIP 3 A 4 is in Segment A of Cluster 3. The second number is a sequential number which completes the PIP number. PIP 3 A 4 is the 4 th PIP in Segment A of Cluster 3. 中央大學。范錚強 139

Rosetta. Net 3 A 4 PIP 中央大學。范錚強 140

Rosetta. Net 3 A 4 PIP RN 3 A 4 中央大學。范錚強 141

eb. XML Repository 中央大學。范錚強 143