6 3 Notes Biomolecules Biomolecules notes outline 4

6. 3 Notes Biomolecules

Biomolecules notes outline 4 biomolecules 1. carbohydrates 2. lipids 3. proteins 4. nucleic acids For each: elements: functions: subunits: examples:

Biomolecules l l Organic compound— compound that contains carbon exception: CO 2 All living things contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N)

Biomolecules l l l Polymer—Large molecule formed when smaller molecules called monomers are bonded together (like a chain) 1. carbs 2. lipids 3. proteins 4. nucleid acids

1. Carbohydrates (sugars/ starch) l l l Made of C, H, O Functions— 1. store and release quick energy 2. provide structural support Building blocks (Subunits) are monosaccharides ex. Cell wall, exoskeleton

Types of Carbohydrates l l Monosaccharide—most simple, single sugar Ex. Glucose Disaccharide—sugar composed of 2 monosaccharides Ex. Sucrose (table sugar)

Types of Carbohydrates l Polysaccharide—polymer composed of many monosaccharides linked in a chain ex. Glycogen—stores energy in animals ex. Starch—stores energy in plants ex. Cellulose– forms cell walls of plants

Can you think of some foods rich in carbohydrates?

2. Lipids l l l Made up of C, H, O Fats, oils, waxes, steroids (nonpolar so insoluble in water) Functions: 1. long term energy storage 2. insulation 3. protective coverings 4. make up cell membranes 5. chemical messengers

Lipids l Building blocks (subunits)—made up of 1 glycerol and three fatty acid chains

Lipids l l Saturated fat—solid at room temperature (ex. beef and dairy fat), all single carbon bonds Unsaturated fat—liquid at room temperature (ex. peanut, corn, and olive oil), at least one double bond

Foods with lipids?

3. Proteins Made of C, H, O, N l Functions— 1. muscle contraction 2. transporting O 2 in blood 3. help fight disease (immunity) 4. speeding up chemical reactions (enzymes) l

Protein l l Building blocks— amino acids (there are 20 in organism) Peptide bonds— bonds that hold the amino acids together in a chain

Proteins l Found in—meat, beans, dairy, hair, nails, and muscle

Foods with proteins?

4. Nucleic acids l l Nucleic acids—made of C, H, O, N, P Function— 1. stores genetic information in the form of a code

Nucleic Acids l Building blocks (subunits)—nucleotides, which are made of nitrogen base, sugar, and phosphate

Nucleic Acids l Examples—DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (ribonucleic acid)