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Learning Aims In this unit you will: ü Understand the organisations in the media industry ü Understand professional work practices ü Know about employment in the digital media sectors

To revise the topic media industry in context for the exam on Thursday. By the end of the lesson, we will have: ü Discussed all the elements on the topic for revision sheet in preparation for the exam.

These may be a good technique to use when revising.

ü State owned and commercial broadcasters. ü Responsibilities and requirements of State owned and commercial broadcasters. ü The difference between state owned and commercial broadcasters. ü Regulatory organisations. ü The role of the BBC Trust. ü Private broadcasting companies. ü Responsibilities of a private broadcasting company. ü Public funding ü Sources of public funding. ü Benefits and drawbacks of public funding. ü.

ü Sources of private funding. ü Benefits and drawbacks of private funding ü Types of media organisation - one example for each type of organisation. ü Media conglomerates ü Parent companies ü Subsidiaries ü Characteristics on International media organisations ü Characteristics of National media organisations ü Characteristics of Local media organisations ü Characteristics of community media organisations. ü Synergies ü Horizontal and vertical integration.

ü Public service broadcaster: state owned or commercial broadcasters ü Private companies ü Regulatory Organisations

Name a state owned public service broadcaster? Name a commercial broadcaster? What is the difference?

Responsibilities of a public service broadcasting: ü Serve the public ü Promote education, literacy and stimulate creativity. ü Show diverse programmes serving all communities in the UK ü Represent minority interests and promote different cultures and viewpoints. ü Support technical advances.

Requirements of a public service broadcasting: ü Serving the audience (majority and minority) ü Create quality programming including: regional programming, children's programming, news and current affairs. ü Digital media access to public service content.

One of the major responsibilities and requirements of the BBC is to serve the majority and the minority of its audience in the UK.

A company whose shares may not be offered to the public for sale and which operates under legal requirements less strict than those for a public company. Can you name a private media company?

Responsibilities of private companies in broadcasting: ü ü ü ü Deliver profits Identify new markets Increase audience share Lead technological innovation Expand markets and market share Eliminate competition Commercial success

Purpose and role The purpose of the BBC Trust is to work on behalf of licence fee payers, ensuring the BBC provides high quality output and good value for all UK citizens, and to protect the independence of the BBC.

Ofcom is the communications regulator in the UK. They regulate the TV and radio sectors, fixed line telecoms, mobiles, postal services, plus the airwaves over which wireless devices operate.

Our main legal duties are to ensure: ü The UK has a wide range of electronic communications services, including high-speed services such as broadband; ü A wide range of high-quality television and radio programmes are provided, appealing to a range of tastes and interests; ü Television and radio services are provided by a range of different organisations; ü People who watch television and listen to the radio are protected from harmful or offensive material; ü People are protected from being treated unfairly in television and radio programmes, and from having their privacy invaded; ü A universal postal service is provided in the UK - this means a six days a week, universally priced delivery and collection service across the country; and ü The radio spectrum (the airwaves used by everyone from taxi firms and boat owners, to mobile-phone companies and broadcasters) is used in the most effective way.

We are not responsible for regulating: ü Disputes between you and your telecoms provider; ü Premium-rate services, including mobile-phone text services and ringtones; ü The content of television and radio adverts; ü Complaints about accuracy in BBC programmes; ü The BBC TV licence fee; ü post offices; or newspapers and magazines.

noun Money provided, especially by an organization or government, for a particular purpose. Name an public service broadcaster that is funded by the government?

Public funded media organisations need government support to be able to function. Government support aims to: Give public access to a diverse choice of media products Media literacy Give a sense of national identity Offer training and employment opportunities, participation in media and creative arts • Competition • • Can you name a public funded organisation?

Sources of public funding: Licence fee Taxpayers’ money lottery funding

Benefits of public funding are: Guaranteed income Prominence in TV listings and guides Always available on digital- terrestrial television Can cater for minority audiences Offer cultural value High-quality output Access to national events Audience appreciation

Drawbacks of public funding are: Compulsory licence fee Privileged positions in the market place Unfair competition for commercial origination Reduced audience share Does not represent value for money for the consumer Lack of audience appreciation

There are different sources of private funding in the media industry. Here are some of the following : Sales Competitions Advertising Sponsorship Grants Share floatation Private investment incentives

As there are benefits government funding, there also benefits of private funding: Increased revenue Increased marketing Wider international distribution Guaranteed income

Drawbacks of private funding: Reliance on popularity for future productions Budgetary considerations

A media conglomerate, international media institution is a company that owns large numbers of companies in various mass media such as television, radio, publishing, movies, and the Internet British Sky Broadcasting Group Plc The Walt Disney Company

Parent Company The Walt Disney Company American Broadcasting Company (ABC) Subsidiaries Disney Pixar Marvel Comics Walt Disney Pictures Entertainment Sports and programming network

You need to understand the different characteristics of media organisations.

The following are different types of media organisations: ü International media organisations ü National media organisations ü Local media organisations ü Community media organisation

The characteristics of a International Media Organisation are: ü Global presence ü Mainstream products ü Market led ü Profit driven ü Use synergy - Using one company to support and promote the activities of another company. Can you name an international media organisation?

The characteristics of a National Media Organisation are: ü National coverage and distribution ü Wider recruitment and training ü Compete with local markets ü Compete with international markets Can you name a national media organisation?

The characteristics of a Local Media Organisation are: ü provide local services ü audiences defined by geographical location ü focus on local issues and content ü close relationship with audience ü falling circulations ü expansion into digital markets Can you name a local media organisation?

The characteristics of a Community Media Organisation are: ü serving the needs of a community or particular groups ü wide community participation ü audience defined by a small geographical area or special interest ü key role of volunteers within the organisation ü not-for-profit organisation ü diverse content, gives training opportunities Community media organisations ensuring that a diverse range of views and opinions are presented through the media.

Organisations that own companies throughout the different stages of the production process. Organisations that own more than one company across a media sector.

ü control over production ü unfair economical influence ü distribution and exhibition ü Unfair political influence ü greater synergies ü increased profits

ü Increased profit ü Reduce choice and competition ü Increased market share ü Reduce media plurality ü Greater influence ü Possible bias over balance ü Agenda setting ü Control of information ü Institutional synergies ü Reduced workforce

Synergy: Using one company to support and promote the activities of another company.

These may be a good technique to use when revising.

ü State owned and commercial broadcasters. ü Roles and responsibilities of State owned and commercial broadcasters. ü The difference between state owned and commercial broadcasters. ü The role of the BBC Trust. ü Private broadcasting companies. ü Responsibilities of a private broadcasting company. ü Public funding ü Sources of public funding. ü Benefits and drawbacks of public funding. ü Sources of private funding. ü Benefits and drawbacks of private funding.

ü Types of media organisation - one example for each type of organisation. ü Media conglomerates ü Parent companies ü Subsidiaries ü Characteristics on International media organisations ü Characteristics of National media organisations ü Characteristics of Local media organisations ü Characteristics of community media organisations. ü Synergies ü Horizontal and vertical integration.

Use your topics to revise sheet to inform your research and revision. Participate in computer research.