5 th Lesson By Christos N Hadjichristidis MEA

5 th Lesson By Christos N. Hadjichristidis

MEA CULPA § Today’s 1 st quote is from the Romans here is the Greek one: “Ο Τολμών Νικά (who dares, wins)” § Revision of the course’s objectives: – – – No more grammatical jargon! Focus on speaking & listening activities Places to visit & shopping suggestions Emphasis on the most commonly used phrases Get you to speak Greek ASAP Grammar will be incorporated within the activities

The different ways of asking ‘How are you doing? ’ Singular (Informal) Plural (Formal) Meaning Possible answers Τι κάνεις; Τι κάνετε; Καλά (ευχαριστώ) Πώς είσαι; Πώς είστε; How are you doing? How are you? Πώς πας; Πώς πάτε Πολύ καλά (ευχαριστώ) How’s Έτσι κ’ έτσι everything (ευχαριστώ) with you?

Introducing yourselves § You’ll be given a card stating your name, nationality and purpose of visit. Introduce yourself to the class as follows: § Με λένε (Mark/Clare) [Me lene …] – I am called (Mark/Clare) § Είμαι (Άγγλος/Αγγλίδα) [ime Anglos/Angli. THa] – I am (English [man], English [woman]) § Είμαι εδώ για διακοπές/δουλεία [ime e. THo gia Thiakopes/THoulia] – I am here for (holidays/work)

Revision of Greek numbers: 1 -12 0 1 μηδέν ένα mee. THen ena 7 2 δύο dheeo 8 3 τρία treea 9 4 5 6 τέσσερα πέντε έξι tessera pende exee 10 11 12 επτά/ εφτά οκτώ/ οχτώ εννέα/ εννία δέκα ένδεκα δώδεκα epta /efta okto/ ohto ennea/ ennia THeka en. THeka THo. THeka

‘Dice-cards’ Activity § The objective of this activity is to revise the pronunciation of Greek numbers: 0 – 12 – You’ll be given a set of cards or dice and you have to try to pronounce each card’s number or the numbers of the two dice thrown and the sum – Making bets is not recommended, however should you wish to bet remember that there will be a tiny 25% fee for the house (for educational purposes of course)! – Perhaps we should repeat the ‘International song competition Activity’ since it brought such good luck to Greece – well we’ll listen to the song instead!

Lottery Activity Select six lottery numbers between 1 and 49 and tell the person next to you which numbers you have chosen. Your partner notes them down in figures. You then change roles. Finally the two lists are compared any discrepancies sorted. When ready pass the numbers to me – guess two of my lucky numbers correctly and win two ‘Colloquial Greek’ cds (Do not forget to write down your name!)

13 Δεκατρία (THekatria) 30 Τριάντα (trianda) 14 15 16 33 40 44 Δεκατέσσερα (Thekatesera) Δεκαπέντε (Thekapende) Δεκαέξι (THekaexi) Τριάντα τρία (trianda tria) Σαράντα (Saranda) Σαράντα τέσσερα (saranda tesera) 17 Δεκαεπτά/δεκαεφτά 50 Πενήντα (peninda) (Thekaepta, THekaefta) 18 Δεκαοκτώ/δεκαοχτώ 60 Εξήντα (Exinda) (Thekaokto, THekaohto) 19 20 21 22 Δεκαεννιά (THekaenia) Είκοσι(ikosi) Είκοσι ένα (ikosi ena) Είκοσι δύο (ikosi THio) 70 80 90 100 Εβδομήντα (ev. THominda) Ογδόντα (og. THonda) Ενενήντα (eneninda) Εκατό(ν) (ekato(n))

“Introducing your Family” Activity § ‘Asking a Greek about his/her particular place of origin & introducing your family’ § Needs: – Greek numbers 0 -100 – Asking questions like (How many children do you have? How old are you/they) politely – The verb to be – The verb to have – Brief notes on articles & nouns

How old are you? (…and more) § Be aware! Greeks ask all kinds of personal questions!! § Πόσο χρονών είσαι/είσαστε; – (poso hronon ise/isaste? ) – How old are you? § Είστε/είσαστε παντρεμένος; (man) /παντρεμένη (woman) – (iste pandremenos? (for a man) pandremeni? ( for a woman) – Are you married? § Πόσα παιδιά έχετε; - (posa pai. THia exete) – How many children do you have? § These are just cultural differences and the questions are not intended to make you feel uncomfortable

Differences between Greek- English § While in English the personal pronoun is always used together with the verb in order to distinguish the person that it is referring to, in Greek this is not necessary. The ending of the verb itself differs from the first person to the second and so on, and this indicates whether the speaker is referring to himself or herself, or to another person or persons: Sg. 1 είμαι I am 2 είσαι you are 3 είναι (s)he/it is Pl. 1 είμαστε we are 2 είστε you are 2 είσαστε 3 είναι they are

A very useful verb (I have) First-conjugation verbs are those that, in their active present tense, have the stress on the last syllable of the stem (i. e. : γράφω “I write”, διαβάζω “I read”) Sg. Pl. 1 2 3 έχω έχεις έχει έχουμε έχετε έχουν I have you (s)he/it we you they

Activity Dialogue § Πως σας/σε λένε; – What’s your name (lit: how do they call you? ) (sing/pl) § Με λένε Άγγελο – I’m called Angelos § Πόσο χρονών είσαι/είσαστε; (poso chronon ise/isaste? ) – How old are you? § Είμαι 42 (χρονών) § Έχεις/Έχετε παιδιά; – Do you have any children? § Ναι έχω ένα αγόρι και ένα κορίτσι (ne echo ena agori ke ena koritsi) – Yes, I have a (one) boy and a (one) girl § Πόσο χρονών είναι; – How old are they? § Ο Μάρκος είναι 15 και η Φανή (είναι) 11 χρονών – Mark is fifteen and Fanny is eleven years old

Where are you from? § Από πού είσαστε/είστε; (apo pu isaste/iste? ) – Where are you from? (plural, polite plural) § Από πού είσαι; (apo pu ise? ) – Where are you from? (singular, informal) § Or if you want to be more specific – Ποια είναι η ιδιαίτερη πατρίδα σας; (pia ine i i. THieteri patri. THa sas? ) – Which is your (particular) homeland? Or – Which is your (particular) place of origin? § ‘Particular’ in Greek has dual meaning: (special, private)

Some useful observations § In Greek a noun (i. e. : the word Canadian in the phrase I am Canadian) has to be written differently when it denotes different gender: – Είμαι Καναδός – I am Canadian (man) – Είμαι Καναδέζα – I am Canadian (woman) – That means that Greek nouns are inflected for gender § In Greek a noun has to be written also differently when is being used as an object than as a subject: – Είμαι από τον Καναδά – I am from Canada – Ο Καναδάς είναι η πατρίδα μου – Canada is my homeland – That means that Greek nouns are inflected for case also § In Greek a noun is almost always preceded by an article (the). The noun and the preceding article have to agree in gender, case and number.

Some forms of the definite article Singular M F N Nominative ο η το Accusative το(ν)* τη(ν)* το * Has a ν ending when the word immediately following begins with a vowel or with any of the following consonants/consonant combinations: κ, π, τ , γκ, μπ, ντ, ξ, ψ

How on Earth we can guess the gender of a given Greek noun? Some tips: § All masculine nouns (nominative/singular) ends in “ς” § Almost all feminine nouns end in either “α or η” § Most neuter nouns end in “ο, ι, or μα” § Of course, there are exceptions, and there are those words ending in “ος”, which can be any gender.

Ordering in a cafeteria § Τι θα πάρετε/πάρεις παρακαλώ; (ti tha parete/paris parakalo) – What will you have (take)? § Τι θα θέλατε παρακαλώ (ti tha thelate parakalo) – What would you like? § Έχετε εξυπηρετηθεί? (ehete exipiretithi) – Have you been served/helped? § Or if it happens to deal with a not very talkative waiter: § Παρακαλώ; Yes? § Or even Ορίστε; Yes?

Some of the most commonly used Greek verbs Sg. Pl. 1 θέλω I want 2 θέλεις you want 3 θέλει (s)he/it is wants 1 θέλουμε we want 2 θέλετε you want 3 θέλουν they want

Essential vocabulary for the ‘Cafeteria Activity’ λεμονάδα Πορτοκαλάδα Make a wild guess! Orangeade Ουίσκι Χυμός πορτοκάλι Σόδα Fresh Ελληνικός Greek orange juice καφές coffee Παγωτό Ice cream Κόκα κόλα Make a wild guess! Μπύρα beer Μεταξά Σοκολάτα Ζεστή Γιαούρτι με μέλι Hot chocolate Yogurt with honey

The Greek coffee § The Greek coffee is traditionally served in small cups with the sugar already added before the coffee is served. So you are mainly left with the following choices: βαρύς γλυκός strong and very sweet μέτριος medium sweet σκέτος no sugar added

Ordering Activity § One person starts by saying ‘I’ll have’ and adding an item of his choice as if s/he were ordering something in a café, e. g. § Θα πάρω έναν καφέ § The person on his/her left continues by repeating the original order and adding an item of his/her own choice, e. g. § Θα πάρω έναν καφέ και μία πορτοκαλάδα § The activity continues clockwise around the group, each learner adding another item to the order for as long as the learners are able to sustain the orders.

How much …? § Πόσο κάνει αυτό; (poso kani afto? ) – How much is it? § Κάνει 6 ευρώ (kani exi evro) – It’s 6 euros § Πόσο κάνουνε αυτά (poso kanune afta? ) – How much are they? § Κάνουνε 8 ευρώ και 50 λεπτά (kanune ochto evro ke peninda lepta) – They are 8 euros and 50.

Some forms of the definite article Singular Nominative Plural M F N ο η το οι οι τα

Essential vocabulary for the ‘Price Activity’ βούτυρο butter κρέας ελιές olives σταφύλια grapes ψωμί bread ντομάτες tomatoes λεμόνια lemons γιαούρτι yoghurt φέτα Make a wild guess! wine μήλο apple πορτοκάλι orange κρασί meat

Essential vocabulary for the ‘Price Activity’ Εφημερίδα newspaper τσιγάρα Make a wild guess! Ασπιρίνες Make a wild guess! Γραμματόσημα stamps τηλε-κάρτα Make a wild guess! Αντιηλιακή Sun-tan κρέμα lotion φιλμ Make a wild guess! αναψυκτικά refreshments περιοδικά magazines καπέλο hat βιβλία A bit hard to guess μπισκότα biscuits

Shopping Activity’