5 III Appendicular Skeleton DG PART E Power

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5 III Appendicular Skeleton (D-G) PART E Power. Point® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry

5 III Appendicular Skeleton (D-G) PART E Power. Point® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Appendicular Skeleton § Upper and Lower Limbs (appendages) § Pectoral girdle (arms) §

The Appendicular Skeleton § Upper and Lower Limbs (appendages) § Pectoral girdle (arms) § Pelvic girdle (legs) Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

D. Function of the Pelvic Girdle 1. Supports total weight of the upper body

D. Function of the Pelvic Girdle 1. Supports total weight of the upper body (rests on the pelvis) 2. Provides attachment for the lower limbs (legs) 3. Protects several organs § Reproductive organs § Urinary bladder § Part of the large intestine Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

E. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle 1. Coxal bones (hip bones) - composed of

E. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle 1. Coxal bones (hip bones) - composed of three pair of fused bones § ilium § ischium § pubis (pubic bone) 2. Sacrum 3. Coccyx (tailbone) Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Pelvis Figure 5. 23 a Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing

The Pelvis Figure 5. 23 a Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Pelvis: Right Coxal Bone Figure 5. 23 b Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education,

The Pelvis: Right Coxal Bone Figure 5. 23 b Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

F. Gender Differences of the Pelvis 1. Female inlet is larger and more circular

F. Gender Differences of the Pelvis 1. Female inlet is larger and more circular 2. Female pelvis is shallower and bones are lighter and thinner 3. Female ilia flare more laterally (wider pelvis) Figure 5. 23 c Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

F. Gender Differences of the Pelvis 4. Female sacrum is shorter and less curved

F. Gender Differences of the Pelvis 4. Female sacrum is shorter and less curved 5. Female ischial spines are shorter and farther apart (outlet is larger) 6. Female pubic arch is more rounded because angle of pubic arch is greater Figure 5. 23 c Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Bones of the Lower Limbs § The thigh has one bone § Femur –

Bones of the Lower Limbs § The thigh has one bone § Femur – thigh bone Figure 5. 24 a–b Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Bones of the Lower Limbs § The leg has two bones § Tibia §

Bones of the Lower Limbs § The leg has two bones § Tibia § Fibula Figure 5. 24 c Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

G. Lower Limb bones (legs) 1. Femur – thigh bone 2. Patella – knee

G. Lower Limb bones (legs) 1. Femur – thigh bone 2. Patella – knee cap 3. Tibia – shin bone 4. Fibula – lower lateral leg bone Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Bones of the Lower Limbs § The foot § Tarsus – ankle § Metatarsals

Bones of the Lower Limbs § The foot § Tarsus – ankle § Metatarsals – sole § Phalanges – toes Figure 5. 25 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Arches of the Foot § Bones of the foot are arranged to form three

Arches of the Foot § Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong arches § Two longitudinal § One transverse Figure 5. 26 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

G. Lower Limb bones (legs) 5. Tarsals – ankle bones § Calcaneous – heel

G. Lower Limb bones (legs) 5. Tarsals – ankle bones § Calcaneous – heel bone § Talus – supports weight 6. Metatarsals – foot bones 7. Phalanges – toes § Distal, middle, proximal phalanx Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings