5 GHz Band Planning Work in Progress WG

5 GHz Band Planning – Work in Progress WG 73 SG 3 - C 3 and Communications Security Alistair Munro, Airbus DS ICAO ACP WG-F Meeting 28, 6 th – 10 th October 2014 ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update

General approach § § Top down where information is known Bottom up based on existing proposals and solutions – – – Satellite and terrestrial Industry proposals (including USA) Others? • • § § § Small RPAS need a solution that offers them a roadmap Must consider operational issues of spectrum management – number and distribution of RPAS, handover? Scope for active cooperation with RTCA SC-228 – § Military Aero. MACs, VDLn, …. . But ultimately alignment is necessary Timeline following the European RPAS roadmap ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 2

Relative to WG-F Suggestion (Meeting 28) § Develop link technical requirements (integrity, latency, assumptions, etc) – § § Cannot do this completely – it is RCPs and long term, dependent on others Develop link design (RF parameters, channel size, assignment criteria, etc) – Satellite: may be via service provider, current AMS(R)S – Terrestrial: operator/service provider specific – Can do this! Maybe bottom up with assumptions about RCPs? Coexistence studies, etc. ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 3

What is an RPAS? ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 4

RPAS classes RPAS Operation Category type 1 Surveillance RPAS class Description Model, VLA 2 VLA, CS 23(I), CS 27 No infrastructure (comms, airfield, etc. ), VLOS, VMC, manual C 2, range < 1 nm, height < 1000’ Minimal airfield, requires comms service, BVLOS, VMC, ATC-V+VFR, D&A, optional VID and SA, automatic C 2, range < 100 nm, height < 5000’ As Cat 2, VID and SA desirable, plus IMC and IFR. 3 4 5 6 Surveillance, law enforcement, emergency, delivery Delivery VLA, CS 23(I, II), CS 27 CS 23(I, III), CS 27 As Cat 3, range < 300’, height < 20000’ CS 25, CS 29 Comms relay Special aircraft As Cat 4 but no VFR/VMC, range > 300 nm, height < 40000’ light Full infrastructure, BVLOS, manual/automatic C 2, ATC-V, Range > 300 nm, height < 60000. Should add – AMC UAS. 1309 considerations ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 5

C 3 Traffic Flows § § § Telecontrol – manual, automatic Telemetry Alerts – – – § ATM – – § – – AIS, AOC Video Weather C 2 management – – § ATC/RPIL voice CPDLC Other situational awareness – § Icing Loss of separation Flight envelope Heartbeat Handover Switchover Protocol overheads Tradeoffs? ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 6

Events and probabilities § § § Initiate transaction No transaction Available Not available No transaction? – do not care if available or not Can we rule out “not available”? Something has gone wrong… Need to consider all elements in the end-to-end link – § § • P[A|T] = ICAO availability P[A] = ITU-R availability T = Transaction initiated A = Available = don’t care, = do care Need full assessment of likelihood of failure but not a spectrum issue Assume single user of the circuit – not realistic but easier Question: how to estimate P[A&T]? Conditional prorbabilities are often counter-intuitive – – Distribution of transaction arrivals likely to be Poisson Low transaction rates favour higher achievable (ICAO) availablity 6/4/2021 Page 7 ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 7

Traffic estimate (per RPA) § § Generally very low – e. g. M. 2171, even for manual control May burst much higher than mean rate – – § C 2 application protocol underestimated? – – – § § Contingencies, alerts Human action Transactional transparency (ACID) IP overheads Link overheads Tolerance of individual traffic types to variations in throughput, loss and delay Impacts spectrum requirement and link access protocol ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 8

Traffic types & service classes Clas s 1 2 3 4 Type of information Maximum permitted latency critical 130 ms Real-time safety information Near real-time safety 520 ms critical information Low priority safety 5. 2 s information Non-safety critical 20. 8 s information Traffic class C 2(m), ATC-V(ttl), D&A, VID C 2(a), ATC-D, VID, ATC-V(enr) C 2(a, m), Other-SA Category Airport surface Take-off/Land En-route 1 C 2 C 2, ATC-V, D&A, VID C 2, ATC-V, D&A 3, 4, 5 C 2, ATC-V, D&A VID C 2, ATC-V, ATC-D, D&A, VID, Other-SA C 2, ATC-V, ATC-D, D&A, Other-SA 6 C 2, ATC-V ATC-D, ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 9

RCPs for C 2 Datalink § § Apply end-to-end, including service provider infrastructure Depend on type of operation? Vary according to phase of flight, contingency? Possible approach – – C 2 RCP_1 - with Lower acceptable performance (availability, delay, integrity …) C 2 RCP_2 – with High required performance • Redundant transceivers possibly required – C 2 RCP_3 – with Superior required performance. • Redundant transceivers probably required § Still under discussion ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 10

Spectrum management - many RPAS ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 11

Estimates of the RPAS population § § Two sources – RTCA SC 228 & EUROCONTROL C 3 Study (London TMA) Large variation in 4 D traffic density ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 12

High level reference architecture ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 13

Definition of a reference architecture § § § § § Specific coverage area: ECAC Capacity: for final frequency planning Throughput: C 2 application needs RPAS class distribution ad type of operation Terrestrial & satelllite system characteristics and protection criteria Totally independent systems or dependency between both (e. g. time synchronization) Common user terminal RF filter? Hybrid user terminal – terrestrial LOS, satellite BLOS Approach for – MLS – Other systems (Aero. MACS) ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 14

Terrestrial LOS datalink - reference architecture check for additional parameters (e. g US paper) § § Typical cell size: 200 km? For final frequency planning – – § § § § § Continuous coverage vs hot spot coverage Locations? Similar to VDL 2 stations over Europe? Carrier types? 37. 5 k. Hz and 300 k. Hz? User Terminal EIRP values? 40 d. Bm and 25. 5 d. Bm depending on the RPA type? User Terminal antenna gain? 3 d. Bi? 5 d. Bi? Ground station antenna gain? 10 d. Bi and 24 d. Bi? Frequency reuse scheme? 3 colors? Out of band out of channel performance? Protection criteria? TDD, TDMA overlay? Other constraints (Radio Regulations footnote 5. 443 C limits the AM(R)S EIRP density to -75 d. BW/MHz in the 5010 MHz to 5030 MHz band) ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 15

Satellite BLOS datalink- reference architecture § § § § § Coverage area: ECAC Carrier types? 37. 5 k. Hz? 150 k. Hz? User Terminal EIRP values? 44 d. Bm? User terminal antenna gain? 2 d. Bi? 5 d. Bi? Satellite Mobile Link EIRP? 45 d. BW? Frequency reuse scheme? Out of band out of channel performances? Protection criteria? TDD or HFDD, TDMA overlay? Feeder link FSS – release spectrum for downlink ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 16

User terminal - reference architecture § § Static vs dynamic ( « flexible » ) Common RF filter over the 61 MHz – § In case of flexible partition (preferred option) Advantages of a flexible partition – – – Protection from having to make premature, binding decisions on relative terrestrial and SATCOM allocations Boundary adjustments would be made infrequently based on capacity demand patterns Allowance for the possibility that some regions might use only one of the two types of 5 -GHz link A single wideband front-end filter (over the entire 5030 MHz to 5091 MHz band) would allow for hybrid terminals A wideband filter (61 MHz) may be simpler to implement ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th – 10 th October 2014 WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update 17

Thank you! EUROCAE ICAO ACP WG-F #31 6 th Dedicated to Aviation Standardization WG 73 5 GHz Band-Planning Update – 10 th October 2014