5 component of effective reading instruction Effective researchbased

5 component of effective reading instruction Effective research-based reading instruction Phonological Awareness Training Phonics Instruction Fluency Instruction research finding of NIH Vocabulary Instruction Comprehension Instruction

Phonological Awareness • Broad term • Identifying and manipulating parts of spoken language, including words, syllables, onsets and rimes, and phonemes. • Phonemic awareness is a subcategory Mercer & Mercer, (2005).

Phonics Instruction • Print is introduced and paired with corresponding sounds • Phoneme-grapheme relationships • Graphemes can be one letter (e. g. t, c) or several letters (e. g. ch, ai) • Phonics teaches the alphabetic principal, that there are predictable and systematic relationships between written letters and spoken sounds

Fluency Instruction • Fluency is the ability to read quickly and accurately • Aim is automaticity: where decoding of text is almost effortless • Can instruct in sight word recognition and phonetic fluency as well as reading connected text • Fluency parallel the stages of reading development

Vocabulary instruction • Reading vocabulary is tied to oral vocabulary (listening and speaking) • Listening vocabulary is highly related to reading comprehension • Research on teaching vocabulary to students with disabilities suggests working with memory devices, graphic depictions, and some direct vocabulary instruction

Comprehension Instruction • Reading comprehension improves with explicit teaching of specific cognitive strategies • The National Reading panel found seven strategies to have a solid scientific basis for general education students incl: comprehension monitoring, cooperative learning, graphic and semantic organizers, question answering, generating questions