5 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL CULTURES BELL RINGER Complete Please
5: COMPARATIVE POLITICAL CULTURES
BELL RINGER Complete Please “Involvement and Action” put your essay in the bin
TODAY WE WILL … Objectives Agenda Analyze AP 6 political culture focusing on �State formation �Economy �Social Cleavages Country readings Notes Illustrate a country’s political culture Homework: Candidates & Referendum “voter guide”
THINK/PAIR/SHARE WARM UP 1. 2. 3. 4. Pick one of the articles from the front table about the political culture of the AP 6 countries Read it together Make some notes about what you think is important: events, people, vocab, etc. Be ready to share this info when we take notes
POLITICAL CULTURE: POLITICAL SYSTEM, POLICY MAKING PROCESS, POLICY EXPECTATIONS Consensual Political Culture: � Generally agree on How decisions are made What issues should be addressed How problems should be solved The people accept the legitimacy of the regime and the solutions to major problems. Conflictual Political Culture: � Deeply divided over political beliefs Capitalism vs Communism Religious do not accept a leader of another religion
HOW DO THESE POLITICAL CULTURESRELATE TO …? State Formation Economic Systems Cleavages
STATE FORMATION
STATE FORMATION – 3 TYPES Colonizer Colony Sovereignty United Nigeria Mexico United Kingdom States Effects of Imperialism Iran Russia China
The Difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain and England Explained - You. Tube
UK POLITICAL CULTURE Gradualism: � Democracy has developed gradually over time Colonialism: � � Multi-ethnic society, influence of colonized Policies that are more inclusive and immigrant representation in government Ethnic tensions: Colonialism has led to a rise in nationalism, xeno-phobic reactions White vs mixed race vs immigrant – all are “English” Minority = white English Welfare State: State w/ a set of public policies designed to provide for � � � citizen’s needs through direct or indirect provision of pensions, health care, unemployment insurance and assistance to the poor - “Social Safety Net” � Collectivism - Cross-party British support for the welfare state that lasted until the late 1970 s � Beveridge Report – after WWII, accepted by both parties
NIGERIA VS. IRAN Nigeria Iran Conflictual State formation: Republics (1999) � Coup d’etat & Military Rule Consensual State formation: � 4 Diversity - religions, ethnicities, languages (linguistic) � Iranian Revolution 1979 Cultural Values community’s welfare above individual rights
DEMOCRACIES Liberal/ SUBSTANTIVE United Kingdom Competitive Elections Civil Liberties Rule of Law Independent Judiciary Open Civil Society Civilian control of the military Illiberal/ PROCEDURAL Nigeria/ Russia Competitive Elections … but missing some of the other stuff � “Electoral authoritarianism”
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING What does the state formation say about the political culture of …. ? � UK � Iran � Nigeria
ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Command Economy • Private Property? • Role of Government? • Competition & Profit? MORE CENTRALIZATION Mixed Economy Market Economy • Private Property? • Role of Government? • Competition & Profit? LESS CENTRALIZATION
UK ECONOMIC SYSTEM Post War World II: Collectivism � Welfare State - “Social Safety Net” Safari Montage : “Thatcher Takes the Helm”: Mixed Economy http: //10. 193. 3. 241/SAFARI/montage/smp_player_f rame. php? keyindex=94837&chapterskeyindex=306 313&location=005849&page=product&play=1 What are the problems now?
CHINESE ECONOMIC CULTURE Socialist Market Economy: current system � Mixed economy w/ gradual infusion of capitalism, while still maintaining state control Command Economy: Government directs the economy State Socialism: � Central planning focus on Marxism, Leninism
“CHINA GOES TO MARKET” Free Markets, NOT Free People Towards free market Little political reformoppression
STATUS OF PRIVATE PROPERTY Under Mao Constitution of the PRC prohibited private property Confiscated private property � Property was collectivized, “owned by the people” � Property redistributed to the poor Communes State is the primary owner of property & means of production, people had right of use but no ownership Now De-collectivization of land Disbanding of communes Private production allowed Privately owned businesses Constitutional reforms for rights of ownership Enforcing the rule of law for private ownership
SHOULD THERE BE PRIVATIZATION? For Against Efficiency Attract domestic and foreign investment Addresses market/ consumer needs Incentives for work/ innovation State industries not performing well Loss of state control Creation of oligarchs Higher unemployment Ideological inconsistency- loss of legitimacy of the CCP Creates economic inequality (regional or personal) Loss of safety net
“HARMONIOUS SOCIALIST SOCIETY” Hu Jintao New society w/prosperity & free of social conflict Sustainable development � Balance economic growth and environmental concerns Less corruption Better living standards
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING What do the economic policies say about the political culture of …. ? � UK � China
CLEAVAGES Social Class, Ethnic, Religious , Regional
CHINA: CLEAVAGES Divisions between race, religion, ethnic groups, social/economic groups Ethnic (Xinjiang, Tibet, Uighurs) Generational Classes: rich vs. poor Gender Urban vs. Rural Interior vs. Coastal West vs. East
ETHNIC: GUANXI, INNER MONGOLIA, NINGXIA, TIBET, XINJIANG Self-government in cultural affairs and some local economic decisions Subsidies to ethnic/ border regions Relaxation of one-child policy Acceptance of minority language Increased efforts to recruit more ethnic minorities into the regional & national leadership
HAUSA-FULANI (29%) North Muslim YORUBA (21%) Southwest (west) Both IGBO (18%) Southeast Christian
NIGERIA: CLEAVAGES Ethnicity Region Religion Hausa-Fulani North Muslim Yoruba Central (SW) Both Igbo South (East Christian
POLITICAL CULTURE & SUBCULTURE Ethnic Identity � Hausa-Fulani Mostly northern half of Nigeria Predominately Muslim Legacy of emirates Indirect colonial rule Subsistence farming, rural, generally undeveloped villages � Yoruba Southwestern Nigeria Lagos—former capital Oba and lineage chiefs and the British Fragmenting effect of multiple ethnic identities � Igbo (lbo) Southeastern part of Nigeria—OIL RICH REGION (tried to secede) Predominantly Christian. Responsive to western culture—Western educated Developed for market agriculture
The importance of ethnicity, religion, and region in the political life of Nigerians cannot be underestimated. Most contentious political issues influence and/or are influenced by these three identities. Biafran Civil War 1967 -1970 � Explicit ethnic overtones � Eastern Igbo attempted to secede from the country
MEXICO HISTORY Spanish colonial rule Mexican Revolution � Source of National Pride able to bring together many cultures. � First Revolution on Film 1917 Constitution Longest continuous one-party rule (PRI) 70+ years State control over national resources � Constitution says foreign governments can not own land � Banks are nationalized � PEMEX: nationalized oil corporation
MEXICO: CLEAVAGES Social/Political Amerindians (indigenous) vs. Mestizos (mixed) vs. Whites (Spanish - “Espanoles”) Ethnic movements since 1990 s to protest socio-economic inequality & discrimination. � Zapatistas � Indigenous peoples in Chiapas
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING What do the cleavages say about the political culture of …. ? � China � Nigeria � Mexico
CLOSURE With your partner, pick two countries that you have learned about. 1. 2. For ONE of countries create an acrostic poem OR political cartoon that illustrates their political culture. For both of the countries create a Venn Diagram that compares/contrasts their political culture.
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