5 6 NOTES BIOTECHNOLOGY Chapter 9 Gene Therapy

5 -6 NOTES: BIOTECHNOLOGY Chapter 9

Gene Therapy • Gene Therapy - the replacement of faulty genes in humans

Gene Therapy • Gene Therapy - the replacement of faulty genes in humans • Attempts to replace defective or missing genes or add new genes to treat a disease.

Gene Therapy • Diseases currently Treated with Gene Therapy: • Cystic fibrosis • Hemophilia • Cancer

Biotechnology • Scientist change an organism’s DNA to give it new traits. • Possible because all organisms have the same Genetic Code

What are the benefits? • Medicines • Agriculture Advancements

Restriction Enzymes • “Cuts” DNA • Act like molecular “scissors” • Lets scientist take out and insert a new gene

Genetic Engineering • Restriction enzymes cut out a specific gene • Gene is inserted into new organism

Transgenic Organism (Genetically Modified Organism) • Has one or more foreign genes inserted in it’s DNA

Example Transgenic Organism • Transgenic bacteria used to make insulin

Example Transgenic Organism • Transgenic bacteria used to make insulin • Human insulin gene is cut of human DNA

Example Transgenic Organism • Transgenic bacteria used to make insulin • Human insulin gene is cut of human DNA • Insulin inserted into Bacteria DNA

Example Transgenic Organism • Transgenic bacteria used to make insulin • Human insulin gene is cut of human DNA • Insulin inserted into Bacteria DNA • Bacteria makes the Human protein the gene coded for

Uses of Transgenic Organisms • Transgenic plants used in agriculture

Uses of Transgenic Organisms • Transgenic plants used in agriculture • Creates crops resistant to frost, diseases, drought, and insects

Uses of Transgenic Organisms • Transgenic plants used in agriculture • Creates crops resistant to frost, diseases, drought, and insects • Food produced more quickly and cheaply

Uses of Transgenic Organisms • Medical: Bacteria with human DNA make human proteins or vaccines • Corn with hepatitis vaccine inserted

Uses of Transgenic Organisms • Medical: Bacteria with human DNA make human proteins or vaccines • Corn with hepatitis vaccine inserted • Bioremediation: GM bacteria that break down oil, mercury, radioactive waste etc.

Concerns about Genetic Engineering • possible long-term health effects of eating GM foods • possible effects of GM (genetically modified) plants on ecosystems and biodiversity