5 1 The Particle Theory of Matter The

5. 1 The Particle Theory of Matter The five main ideas of the particle theory of matter are particle theory of matter 1. All matter is made up of tiny particles that have empty spaces between them. 2. Different substances are made up of different kinds of particles. 3. The particles of a substance move faster as its temperature increases. 4. Particles attract each other. 5. Particles are in constant random motion.

The Particle Theory of Matter • Scientists use these ideas to explain the different behaviours of solids, liquids, and gases. • Forces of attraction between particles and relatively little motion of particles will result in a solid. • When heated, particles move faster and overcome the forces of attraction, resulting in a liquid. • If heating continues, particles move so fast they can fly apart, resulting in a gas. 5. 1 particle theory of matter

The Classification of Matter • Matter can be classified into two main categories-pure substances and mixtures-- based on what types of particles make up the matter. 5. 1 pure substances mixtures • When a substance consists of only one type of particle, it is a pure substance. Examples of pure substances include distilled water, carbon dioxide, and pure iron. • When a substance consists of more than one type of particle, it is a mixture. Examples of mixtures include granola bars, sand, and water.

5. 1 The Classification of Matter • Mixtures can be further classified into mechanical mixtures and solutions. mechanical mixtures solutions • We can visually distinguish the different substances in a mechanical mixture. Examples of mechanical mixtures include granola and Caesar salad. • The different substances in a solution cannot be visually distinguished. A solution looks like a pure substance, but it is not. Examples of solutions include apple juice and non-distilled water. • An alloy is a type of solution in which two or more metals are mixed together. Examples of alloys include bronze and stainless steel. alloy