5 1 Geography and Culture Geography Where is

5. 1 Geography and Culture

Geography: Where is Greece Located: • peninsula surrounded by water on 3 sides • became skilled sailors - travel - connect with other cultures Phoenician Alphabet

1. Label the 3 Seas 2. Lightly shade areas and islands within the box a color (label the key) 3. Label Athens with a dot KEY Ancient Greece Aegean Sea Ionian Sea Athens Mediterranean Sea

Geography: Impact • rugged mountains, valleys, and small islands made travel and communication difficult • difficult to grow crops = small pop. • unable to build large empire • led to many small city-states (polis)

Rise of the City-States • Ancient Greece divided into ~ 500 independent city-states • each polis: - self-contained - self-sufficient economic - social unit • separate culture

City-States Design • Divided into two parts: • Acropolis (fortified hill top) • gov’t buildings • temples • Flat Ground (walled in main city) • Markets • Theaters • Public areas • Homes

http: //www. history. com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece

Epics and Myths • oral traditions • Homer’s epic (Iliad and Odyssey) characteristics of a hero • seek to understand mysteries of life through mythology • attribute human qualities to gods (love, hate, jealousy)

Types of Governments Monarchy • Ruled by a monarch (King) • Hereditary • Claimed Divine Right • Monarchs only answer to GOD

Aristocracy • Ruled by small group of nobles (land owning families ) • Authority is hereditary and based on - family ties - wealth - social rank

Oligarchy • Ruled by small groups of citizens powerful: - wealthy - ability * merchant class • control of the military

Greek Democracy ** Roots of representative gov’t • Ruled by the citizens • Citizens have the right to vote • Majority rules • Limited-Direct Democracy -male citizens • vote directly on issues

Athens Builds a Limited Democracy • Citizens participated directly in political decision making • How did they get there? • Draco, 621 B. C. - legal code based on idea that rich and poor equal - harsh punishments for criminals • Solon, 594 B. C. - no citizens should own other citizens - 4 distinct social classes based on wealth - citizen could bring chargers against wrongdoers

Athens Builds a Limited Democracy • Cleisthenes, 500 B. C. - broke power of nobility - ten groups based on where you live vs. wealth - Council of Five Hundred, citizens could submit laws for consideration - Allowed citizens to participate in a limited democracy - Only free adult male property owners in Athens could participate