40 Tera Flops Peak 35 Tera Flops Linpack

地球シミュレー タの実際 40 Tera. Flops (Peak), 35 Tera. Flops (Linpack) > $400 million (Earth Simulator Picture from JAERI web page)

Top 500によるペタフロップスへの トレンド予測 IBM Blue. Gene/P 800 TF(予想) 地球シミュ レータ IBM ASCI Blue. Gene/L 70 TF/280 TF SGI Columbia 52 TF Cray ASCI Red. Storm 35 TF/90 TF(予想) IBM ASCI Purple 80 TF （予想) バージニア 科大 “Big Mac”クラスタ 10. 3 TF 年率186%成長 3年で 6. 5倍, 6年で 40倍 (c. f. ムーアの法則は 4倍)

Titech TSUBAME ~80+ racks 350 m 2 floor area 1. 2 MW (peak)

Local Infiniband Switch (288 ports) Node Rear Currently 2 GB/s / node Easily scalable to 8 GB/s / node Cooling Towers (~20 units) ~500 TB out of 1. 1 PB

Titech Supercomputing Grid 2006 _ _ ~13, 000 CPUs, 90 Tera. Flops, ~26 Tera. Bytes Mem, ~1. 1 Petabytes Disk CPU Cores: x 86: TSUBAME (~10600), Campus Grid Cluster (~1000), COE-LKR cluster (~260), Win. CCS (~300) + Clear. Speed CSX 600 (720 Chips) Win. CCS TSUBAME 計算 学 C (予定) 数理・計算 C (予定) 35 km, 10 Gbps 1. 2 km COE-LKR (知識) cluster 大岡山 Campus Grid Cluster すずかけ台

The Colossal Goal of 10 Peta. Scale Titech Supercomputing Grid Keisoku (10 PF) machine Multiplication Factor Peak Perf. >100 Tera. Flops > 10 Peta. Flops > x 100 Power (W) ~1 MW Over 100 MW Over $50 mil elec. bill Cost (US$) $10~20 mil /y $1~2 bil/y x 10 Earth Simulator Area (m 2) 200~300 m 2 20, 000~30, 000 m Professional Baseball 2 Stadium for housing CPU Cores ~11000 > 1 million 20% all PCs sold in Japan (units/y) Memory 21. 4 Tera. Byte > 2 Peta. Byte 2 million 1 GB DIMMs Secondary Storage 1. 1 Peta. Byte 110 Peta. Byte 250, 000 400 GB HDD 5% all HDD/DVD recorders in Japan Need R&D for Scaling (and Money) (Software R&D too!)

極小コンピューティングハードウェア センサー ネットワーク Telos 4/04 Robust Low Power 250 kbps Easy to use OSなど We. C 99 “Smart Rock” Rene 11/00 Dot 9/01 Small microcontroller 8 k. B code 512 B data Simple, low-power radio 10 kbps ASK Designed for experimentation EEPROM (32 KB) -sensor boards Simple sensors -power boards Demonstrate scale Mica 1/02 Mica 2 12/02 38. 4 kbps radio FSK NEST open exp. Platform 128 k. B code, 4 k. B data 40 kbps OOK/ASK radio 512 k. B Flash Commercial Off The Shelf Components (COTS) m. WからμWでの動作→ここでもアーキテクチャが重要 Spec 6/03 “Mote on a chip”