4 Types of Subjunctive cum clauses 1 Cum

* 4 Types of Subjunctive “cum” clauses 1. Cum Temporal Clause 2. Cum Causal Clause 3. Cum Concessive Clause 4. Cum Circumstantial • These clauses utilize the present, imperfect, pluperfect subjunctive tenses • Nota Bene: “cum” + ablative noun is a prepositional phrase

DEFINITION: When 1 thing occurs, something else HAPPENS to be going on. The events are otherwise unconnected; describes the precise “time” of an action *“cum” is translated as “when”(or “while”) *Used in a dependent clause with a INDICATIVE MOOD verb only *e. g. cum advēnistī, salīre parābam. *WHEN you arrived, I was preparing to jump. *

DEFINITION: when 1 thing occurs, it triggers another thing. v“cum” is translated as “when” v. Describes the general circumstances when main action occurred. v. Used in a dependent clause with an INDICATIVE or SUBJUNCTIVE verb v. Indicative example: vcum ades, minus timeō. v. WHEN you are near, I am less afraid. v. Subjunctive example: vcum adessēs, minus timēbam. v. WHEN you were near, I was less afraid. *

(CAUSAL)DEFINITION: an outcome occurs because of or SINCE something else happens or occurs i. e. this 1 explains the “cause” of an action v“cum” is translated as “since” v. Used with a SUBJUNCTIVE verb only ve. g. cum cenaretis, cenabam quoque. v. SINCE you all were eating, I ate also. (CONCESSIVE) DEFINITION: an outcome occurs ALTHOUGH some other situation is present v“cum” is translated as “although” v. Used with a SUBJUNCTIVE verb only ve. g. cum magnopere timerem, tamen saluī. v. Although I was very afraid, nevertheless I jumped. *