4 Tool tolerance By Grinding wheel 5 Base

4. Tool tolerance By Grinding wheel

5. Base for assembly Guide for disc or washer assembly Guide for pin assembly

6. Perpendicular Surfaces Tool - Tip curvature of single point cutting tools deforms the corner of the perpendicular surfaces

3 mm 450 d

2 1 1 X 2 1 2 2 1

7. Pin Hole relationship Sharp Corner 450 x 1. 5

L 2 L L 1

A B L A B

8. Avoiding of shoulder by tapered shaft ends - Hub fixation occurs when the contact surface between hub and both of washer and shoulder.

9. Assembly of Elements on Parallel Surfaces Cover Cylinder - Clearance between cover and cylinder is used.

10. Assembly of Elements on Parallel Surfaces - Partial contact between flat contact surfaces is better to avoid effect of out of flatness or distortion.

11. Bases of flat casting Elements - Bases of casting elements in the same level is recommended.

12. General Recommendations by Casting

- Casting of perpendicular surfaces.

- Casting of wheels with webs.

12. Strengthen of Vertical column

13. Gear Wheels F F F - Improvement of external gear strength by means of strengthening single (A) or double (B) web.

- Improvement of bevel gear strength.

13. Bolts Connections - M 1 : M 8 Each 1 - M 8 : M 24 Each 2 L 1 0. 8 d Bolts series - M 48 Each 4 H (bolt Head) = 0. 7 d H (Nut) = 0. 8 d L 1 = Variable Design- Make Nuts and bolts 0. 7 d - M 24 : M 48 Each 3 2 d d. 5 d 1

Bolts Connections 1) Hole drilling Drill Work Piece L 1 : Hole Depth

Bolts Connections 1) Hole drilling 2) Thread Cutting L 2 : Thread Depth L 3 : Bolt Thread Depth Thread Cutting tool

13. Bolts Connections 1) Hole drilling 2) Thread Cutting 3) Bolt (Stud) assembly.

Steps of Stud Assembly Washer Nut

A. Through Bolt DHole = 1. 2 Dbolt • Bolt is under tension. • Elements are under compression.

B. Tap Bolt • Upper part has a hole (1. 2 d) • Lower part is threaded. • Connection occurs due to the mutual forces between: • 1 - Contact between Bolt head and surface of upper part. • 2 -Teeth of the bolt end

C. Stud Consist of two threaded parts and a cylindrical neck. One end is assembled in the base element and the other element is pressed by a net assembled in the other bolt end. Hole diameter of the upper part is (1. 2 d).

Relative Dimensions of Hole and Bolt D : Bolt Diameter ( D=30 For Bolt M 30) H 1 = 0. 8 D ( Nut Height) t (Washer height) = 0. 15 D D 2 = 2 D ( Washer Biggest width) A = 3 D ( Min. Surface of contact width) L 1 = 2 D +1. 25 (Thread of bolt length) L 2 = L 1 + 0. 25 D (Hole thread length) L 3 = L 1 + 0. 4 D (Hole depth)

Washer placed under nut.

Pressure

A=2 D

Applications

Belts & Pulleys

Belts & Pulleys Design- 3 D CONVEYOR ANIMATION - FINAL PROJECT -

END