4 Theories Social Contract Theory By SOCIAL CONTRACT

4 Theories…

Social Contract Theory • By SOCIAL CONTRACT – people within a given area agreed to give up (voluntarily) to the state as much power as was needed to promote the safety and well -being of all

Force Theory

Force Theory State was born of force One person/small group claimed control over an area and forced ALL within it to submit to the person’s/group’s rule When rule was established, all the basic elements of the state were present

Evolutionary Theory

State developed NATURALLY out of the early family Primitive family (one person was the head - “government”) Over years, the primitive family became a network of related families [a clan] Evolutionary Theory The 8 – 20 clans to a tribe Tribe first turned to agriculture and gave up its nomadic ways (tied to the land)…state

Divine Right Theory

From 15 th – 18 th century, this was widely accepted in much of Western World God or a god/gods created the state and God/god(s) had given those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule The people were bound to obey their ruler as they would their God/god(s) Divine Right Theory Opposition to “the divine right of kings” was both treason and mortal sin

Which theory? What happened? A name given to the forced relocation of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The removal included many members of the following tribes, who did not wish to assimilate: Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations, among others, from their homelands to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. The Native Americans who chose to stay and assimilate were allowed to become citizens in their states and of the U. S.

Which theory? What happened? Between 1570 and 1600 5 tribes (later a 6 th added) came together mainly by their desire to stand together against invasion, and advance “peace, civil authority, righteousness, and the great law” *The tribes united in a common council composed of clan and village chiefs - Each tribe had one vote, and unanimity was required for decisions. • The joint jurisdiction of 50 peace chiefs (sachems) embraced all civil affairs at the intertribal level. The Iroquois Confederacy differed from other American Indian confederacies in the northeastern woodlands primarily in being better organized, more consciously defined, and more effective.

Which theory?

Which Theory? What happened? As with many early small communities generally, villages of the Peruvian coastal valleys tended to grow in size. These autonomous (self -sufficient) smaller villages are likely to join as they grow (cross-marriages, for example) , as long as land is available for the settlement. This increase in the number of larger villages occupying a valley probably continued, without giving rise to significant changes in subsistence practices, until all the readily arable land in the valley was being farmed

Features of a state

Features of a state Population Territory Sovereignty Government

When we are talking about the state… • Not Texas, Oregon, Vermont (States). . . Those are states, but “a state” is something more than that. – Def: is a body of people, living in a defined space, with the power to make and enforce laws, and with an organization to do this. àdoes not have to check with any higher authority in order to make and enforce laws. àIts own organization, or government, is its highest authority.

The state –Defined by 4 Things (1) Population Def: the group of people who are the members or citizens of a state. *Can be large or small Ex: China has a population of more than 1. 3 billion people, while the island state of Fiji has just over 860, 000.

The state –Defined by 4 Things (1) Population The population of a state also has a variety of features. *might be mainly rural or mostly urban. *A state’s economic situation might mean most people are very poor, with little access to electricity or even water. Or the people might be generally wealthy, enjoying modern homes, running water, and the latest technology. - Often this is connected to the level of education most people within the population have achieved. *Populations also have their own cultural traditions, and they usually speak a common language.

The state –Defined by 4 Things (2) Territory Def: the area in which a state’s rule applies. *A state must have set boundaries. - However, countries do not always agree on what each other’s boundaries are.

The state –Defined by 4 Things (2) Territory **Boundaries can change over time. - Sometimes they change after a war, when the states involved agree on new boundaries. - When there is a dispute, states might also negotiate with each other to decide what the actual boundaries should be. - States can purchase territory from other states, although this is less common today than it was in the past. Ex: In 1867, the U. S. bought Alaska from Russia for $7. 2 million.

The state –Defined by 4 Things (3) Sovereignty Def: the ability to rule absolutely within a territory. - all states are considered equal to each other **no state may interfere in the affairs of another state.

The state –Defined by 4 Things (3) Sovereignty con’t In our world today, the world’s states have created a higher authority, called the United Nations. States agree to follow the UN’s rules for dealing with each other — but they don’t have to follow them. **Sovereign states are free to set their own foreign policy, meaning the kind of relationships they will have with other states. **States also have the power to decide how things will operate inside their own boundaries. Today, though, if a state is unable to keep its population safe and many people are being killed— perhaps even by the government—the UN allows other states to use military force to protect the population.

The state –Defined by 4 Things (4) Government Def: the organization inside a state that controls the actions and policies of the state. A government (such as United States, specifically) has 6 Main Purposes

Is THAT a STATE? Is the United States just one big state? Ø Does it have a population? YES NO Ø Does it have a territory? YES NO Ø Does it have sovereignty? YES NO Ø Does it have government? YES NO

Is THAT s. TATE ? The 50 a states can’t make laws that go Whatagainst about “states” like the U. S. Pennsylvania or Ohio? Constitution… Are they a state? They have a higher authority NO Ø Do they have a population? YES above them! Ø Do they have a territory? YES NO Ø Do they have government? YES NO Ø Do they have sovereignty? YES NO

We the People of the United States… in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. ~ Preamble to the Constitution

We the People of the United States… in Order to form a more perfect Union, Background – Article Confederation (1781) establish Justice, insureofdomestic Tranquility, (firm league ofdefense, friendship) provide for the common Government was powerless ; intense rivalries and promote the general and jealousies. Welfare, among States secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Link the Statesfor andthe the. United American People closely Constitution States of more America. together ~ Preamble to the Constitution IN UNION THERE IS STRENGTH

We the People of the United States… in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, T. J. – providing justice. Welfare, is “the most promote the general and sacred of the duties ofofgovernment” secure the Blessings Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this THE LAW (ITSUnited CONTENT AND ITS Constitution for the States of America. ADMINSTRATION) ~ Preamble to the Constitution MUST BE REASONABLE, FAIR, IMPARTIAL

We the People of the United States… in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote general Welfare, andof any society Order isthe essential to the well-being Keeping at home has always been a prime secure thepeace Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and of government our Posterity, function do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Imagine life with no government, law, or order (anarchy) ~ Preamble to the Constitution If men were angels (quote)…

If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If men were angels - that is, if men were wholly good and wholly reasonable - there would be no need for government, because every man would behave morally and would respect the rights of others without government or law. But men are not angels. In addition to his reason, man possesses selfish passions, and sometimes men will follow their passions and hurt other men. Thus there is a need for some way to restrain those selfish passions. The answer is government. The need for government stems from human nature itself, by the fact that humans by nature are not wholly good, but capable of both good and evil. The purpose of government is to encourage the good tendencies of human nature, and discourage or regulate the bad. James Madison, Federalist 51

We the People of the United States… in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and Defending the nation enemies secure the Blessings ofagainst Libertyforeign to ourselves and– major responsibility our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. The world is a dangerous place…must maintain ~ Preamble to the Constitution its vigilance and its armed strength

We the People of the United States… in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and Government acts as servantto of ourselves its citizens and secure the Blessings of a. Liberty our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Ex: Public School Constitution for the States America. Quality of air. United and water andof food ~ Preamble to the Constitution The services that government provides are those that benefit all or most people

We the People of the United States… “They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety” ~ Ben Franklin Liberty is NOT ABSOLUTE – no one can be free to do whatever he or she pleases would interfere with the freedom of others in Order to form a more perfect Union, Many guarantees of rights and liberties in this country BUT does establish insureare domestic Tranquility, not mean that Justice, those guarantees so firmly established that they exist forever…Each must learn and understand them provide for thegeneration common defense, and willing to stand up for them when necessary promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. ~ Preamble to the Constitution

THUMBS UP or THUMBS DOWN? A state can’t have less than 30, 000 people.

THUMBS UP or THUMBS DOWN? Monac o has only 27, 000 people !

THUMBS UP or THUMBS DOWN? The boundaries of a territory can change.

THUMBS UP or THUMBS DOWN? s y a w e e r h t ? e e h t g n e a m h c a n s e u i r o a y d n n u Ca o b that • War • Negotiation with other countries • Purchasing land from other countries

THUMBS UP or THUMBS DOWN? Sovereignty means that you have to check with someone above you.

THUMBS UP or THUMBS DOWN? Just th e oppo site! Sovere ignty m eans there i s NO O NE above you!

THUMBS UP or THUMBS DOWN? Government only exists to keep order and provide security.

THUMBS UP or THUMBS DOWN? The 50 states that make up the USA are not considered independent “states. ”

THUMBS UP or THUMBS DOWN? That’s right! T hey don’t h ave fu ll sovere ignty!

lp s e H zen al r ti Ci ene re) (G elfa W Blessings of Liberty e ak M ws sh La abli ) st ice (E ust J 6 Roles of Government Pr ot Co ect (Co unt the De mm ry fen on se ) Union er d r p O tic e e K es ) m (Do quility n Tra