4 avoid cant stand consider enjoy escape finish

正面解读 规则 4 接动名词作宾语的动词或短语 常见的有：avoid, can't stand, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, admit, appreciate, deny, forbid等。 The bird was lucky to escape being caught. 这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕获的命运。 规则 5 接不定式作宾语的动词 常见的有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse等。 He can't afford to buy such an expensive car. 他买不起这么贵的车。

正面解读 Your sick mother needs looking after. ＝Your sick mother needs to be looked after. 你病弱的母亲需要被照顾。 规则 8 接虚拟语气的动词 有些动词表示“命令、建议、要求”等时，其后的宾语从句用“should＋动词原形”结 构，其中should常可省略。它们是：order, suggest, insist, advise, demand, request, require, propose等。 Our teacher requires this be done in no time. 我们的老师要求这项(任务)立刻被完成。

正面解读 13．动词＋副词＋介词 add up to合计达；break away from从……脱离；come up with想出，提出；catch up with赶上；get down to开始认真地做；go in for参加，追求；keep away from远 离；keep up with跟上；date back to追溯到；put up with忍受，容忍；run out of用 完；watch out for当心；look down upon/on瞧不起；go ahead with开始，着手； go along with一起去；hold on to坚持……

正面解读 规则 4 与always, often, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情 色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。 He is always helping others. 他总是帮助其他人。 规则 5 下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时： (1)表示心理状态、情感的动词：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need等。 (2)表示存在状态的动词及短语：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on等。 (3)表示瞬时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等。 (4)表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。

正面解读 规则 4 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达到将来某时已经完成的动 作。 We'll start at six if it has stopped raining by then. 如果那时雨停了，我们就六点出发。 规则 5 短暂动词(即瞬间动词)及短语join, lose, buy, borrow, lend, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out, take part in等，在完成 时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 He has joined the army for three years. (×) He joined the army three years ago. (√) He has been in the army for three years. (√) It is/has been three years since he joined the army. (√)

正面解读 规则 6 下列句型中常用现在完成时： (1)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句(过去时)． (2)This/That/It is the first/second/…time that＋现在完成时． 规则 7 现在完成时对应的时间状语有： recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years…， for＋时间段， “since＋时间点”等。

正面解读 规则 3 指两个过去正在进行的动作同时发生。 While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV. 昨晚我写信的时候，他在看电视。 规则 4 表示过去计划、安排好的将来动作(只限于plan, come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。 He said (that) she was arriving the next day. 他说她第二天到达。 规则 5 与always, often, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情 色彩。 She was always thinking of others instead of thinking of herself. 她总是想着别人而不是自己。

正面解读 规 则 3 表 示 过 去 未 曾 实 现 的 希 望 、 打 算 、 意 图 、 诺 言 等 。 常 用 had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等 或 用 上 述 动 词 的 过 去式接不定式的完成式表示，即“hoped/planned…＋to have done”。 I had planned to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so. 我本来打算寄给他一张圣诞卡片的，但我忘了寄了。 规则 4 表示“一……就……”的几个句型： hardly/scarcely…when(before)…；no sooner…than…。 We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. ＝No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 我们刚落座公共汽车就开动了。

正面解读 规则 5 It/That/This was the first/second/third/…time that…(从句中用过去完成时)。 It was the second time that he had been out with her. 这是他第二次跟她外出。 规则 6 过 去 完 成 时 对 应 的 时 间 状 语 常 见 的 有 ： before, by the end of last month/year…等。

正面解读 (4)be about to do sth表示“即将，就要”，后面不能接具体的时间状语或状语从句。 Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。 规则 5 一般将来时对应的时间状语常见的有：tomorrow, next week/month…， in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等。

正面解读 The river has been polluted, and the water smells terrible. 这条河已经被污染了，河水发出难闻的气味。 He has been writing articles for our newspaper these years, and he has written about 40 in all. 这几年他一直为我们的报纸写文章，总共写了大约 40篇。

反面解读 误区之二　动词语态曲折变化的误用 （1）【误】 The book which had been lost returned to the library. 【正】 The book which had been lost was returned to the library. [分析] returned前加was。return是及物动词，句子的主语the book与之构成语态上的 被动关系，故returned前加was。句意：那本丢失的书被还回到图书馆。 (2)【误】 There's a feeling among a lot of people that music has been become too commercial in recent years. 【 正 】 There's a feeling among a lot of people that music has become too commercial in recent years. [分析] 去掉been。become意为“变得，变成”时是不及物动词，不能使用被动语态。 句意：近年来，很多人都觉得音乐变得过于商业化了。

实战演练 3. In the last few years, China ____(make) great achievements in environmental protection. 【答案】　 has made　根据时间状语in the last few years可知用现 在完成时。

实战演练 7. This is the first time that our whole class ____ (go) out together for a picnic. 【答案】　 have gone　在“This/It is the first time that…”句型中， that后的谓语动词用现在完成 时，主语our whole class指 人，故填have gone。

实战演练 12. Close the door of fear behind you， and you ____(see) the door of faith open before you. 【答案】　 will see　本句为“祈使句＋ and＋陈述句”句式，其中陈 述句的谓语应用一般将来时。

实战演练 13. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ____ (reach) so far by the two sides. 【答案】　 has been reached　so far用 于现在完成时，reach与 agreement是被动的关系， 故用现在完成时的被动语态。

实战演练 15. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future____(belong) to the well educated. 【答案】　 belongs　本句是事实陈述句， belong无进行时和被动语态， 故填belongs。

实战演练 Ⅱ. 单句改错 【答案】　 1．[2016·四川卷] We get up early in the morning. Dad get改为got cleaned the house, and then went shopping.

实战演练 2．[2016·浙江卷] While they chat，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit on the top of the fridge. 【答案】　 chat改为chatted

实战演练 3． [2016·全 国 卷 Ⅰ] It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. 【答案】　 had改为have

实战演练 4．[2015·四川卷] As I tell you last time, I made three new friends here. 【答案】　 tell改为told

实战演练 5．She was so interested in the book that she read it for three hours before she realized it. 【答案】　 read前加had

实战演练 Ⅲ. 语法填空 Reading benefits us a lot. First, reading books is fun. You can always keep yourself 1. ____(interest) and it can help you have 2. ____ enjoyable time if you like reading. This is especially pleasant 3. ____ the weather is bad. Next, you can read a book anywhere: in a car, on a plane, in bed— even in the bath. 【答案】　 1. interested　此处是“keep＋宾 语＋宾补”结构，所填空是对 宾语yourself作补充说明，故用 interested，表示“感兴趣的”。 2. an　time作“一段时间”讲时为 可数名词。常用短语有：have a good time玩得高兴；have a hard time过得艰难。此处time 前有enjoyable修饰，故填an。 3．when/if　根据语境“假若天气 不好，这种情况尤为适合(读书 )”可知，用when/if引导状语 从句。

实战演练 4. ____ you need is a book! Reading is a convenient hobby as it is easy to stop and start again. 5. ____ reading books is that it is useful. If you read as a hobby you 【答案】　 4. What/All　根据语境“你所 需要的就是一本书”可知， 用what引导主语从句并作 6. ____(get) better and better at it. This means that you 从句的宾语。“What you will read faster and become better at understanding what you need…”相当于定语从句 read. “All(that) you need…”， 据此可知填What/All。 5. for　reason for………的原 因。 6. will get　在if引导的条件状 语从句中，从句用一般现 在时，主句用一般将来时。

实战演练 As your reading 7. ____(improve), you will probably find your schoolwork becomes much 8. ____(easy). Many school subjects depend on good reading and, as you read you learn more and more. Good readers are most likely 9. ____(be) good writers, too. They are usually good at spelling as well, and have more things to write about. So you see reading books is 10. ____(real) a wonderful hobby. 【答案】　 7. improves　此处是as引导的 时间状语从句，主句是一般 将来时，故从句用一般现在 时。 8. easier　根据much修饰比较 级可知，用much easier表 示“容易得多”。 9. to be　be likely to do sth 有可能做某事。 10. really　根据句意“读书是 一种真正有趣的爱好”可知， 用副词really修饰谓语。