4 All Parties taking into account their common

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พนธกรณมอะไร 4) (มาตรา • All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities

พนธกรณมอะไร 4) (มาตรา • All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, shall………………… – 4. 1 All Parties (จดทำ National Communication และรวมมอ สงเสรม ดำเนนการ ฯลฯ) รายละเอยด ไปอาน – 4. 2 ถง 4. 10 เปนพนธกรณของ Annex ตอง

Year UNFCCC เกอบ 20 ป เปนมาอยางไร Main event 1979 The first World Climate Conference

Year UNFCCC เกอบ 20 ป เปนมาอยางไร Main event 1979 The first World Climate Conference (WCC) takes place. 1988 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is set up 1990 IPCC’s first assessment report released. United Nations General Assembly negotiations on a framework convention begin 1991 First meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) takes place The INC adopts UNFCCC text. At the Earth Summit in Rio, the UNFCCC is opened for signature 1992 1994 UNFCCC enters into force

1995 (COP 1) The first Conference of the Parties (COP 1) takes place in

1995 (COP 1) The first Conference of the Parties (COP 1) takes place in Berlin 1996 (COP 2) The UNFCCC Secretariat is set up to support action under the Convention 1997 (COP 3) Kyoto Protocol formally adopted in December at COP 3 2001 (COP 7) Marrakesh Accords adopted, detailing rules for implementation of Kyoto Protocol, setting up new funding and planning instruments for adaptation, and establishing a technology transfer framework 2005 (COP 11) Entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, (MOP 1) takes place, Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) is launched. the Nairobi Work Programme on Adaptation started

2007 (COP 13) IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report released, Bali Road Map for post-2012 outcome

2007 (COP 13) IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report released, Bali Road Map for post-2012 outcome in two work streams: the AWG-KP, and the Ad-Hoc Working Group on Long-Term Cooperative Action Under the Convention (AWG-LCA) 2009 (COP 15) Copenhagen Accord was taken note of. Countries later submitted non-binding emissions reductions pledges or mitigation action pledges 2010 (COP 16) Cancun Agreements drafted and largely accepted by the COP 2011 (COP 17) The Durban Platform for Enhanced Action accepted

ประเดนใหญในการเจรจา • • • Inventory Mitigation Vulnerability and Adaptation Financial supports Development and transfer

ประเดนใหญในการเจรจา • • • Inventory Mitigation Vulnerability and Adaptation Financial supports Development and transfer of เรองใหญใ technology นอนาคต • National Communication Transboundary emissions

Parties to the Convention IPCC Conference of the Parties: COP SBSTA SBI Expert Groups

Parties to the Convention IPCC Conference of the Parties: COP SBSTA SBI Expert Groups Institutionalized Political Process Other Stakeholders: - Other MEAs -NGOs -Indigenous Groups -Private sector -Media -. . etc. Social Political Process At Global level: Not about the problem but about who would sacrifice? , by how much?

Mitigation: from global to local COP UNFCCC All parties by abilities Parties KP Annex

Mitigation: from global to local COP UNFCCC All parties by abilities Parties KP Annex I Non-Annex I parties Emission trading Public Joint Implementation Private Clean Development Mechanism NGO/IGO Non-KP e. g. US project on Carbon off-set

5 ปทผานม ในกลมเจรจา า • Negotiation block – Annex I, Annex II – Non-Annex

5 ปทผานม ในกลมเจรจา า • Negotiation block – Annex I, Annex II – Non-Annex I • UN regional groups Africa, Asia, GRULAC, Eastern Europe, Western Europe and others • Interest groups – G 77+China, EU, Umbrella, AOSIS, LDCs, , EIG, CRN, COMIFAC, SICA, CD, ALBA, HVC, G 77+China OPEC, BASIC เรมแยกตามผลประโยชนเฉพาะกล

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4 All Parties taking into account their common4 All Parties taking into account their common
4 All Parties taking into account their common4 All Parties taking into account their common
4 All Parties taking into account their common4 All Parties taking into account their common
4 All Parties taking into account their common4 All Parties taking into account their common
4 All Parties taking into account their common4 All Parties taking into account their common
Minor Parties Political Parties Political Parties Minor PartiesMinor Parties Political Parties Political Parties Minor Parties
Democratic parties Right wing parties Left wing partiesDemocratic parties Right wing parties Left wing parties
Third Parties What are Third Parties Parties representingThird Parties What are Third Parties Parties representing
Political Parties Chapter 11 Political Parties Political PartiesPolitical Parties Chapter 11 Political Parties Political Parties
Other Parties 12142021 Other Parties 1 Other PartiesOther Parties 12142021 Other Parties 1 Other Parties
THE MINOR PARTIES Ideological Parties These parties areTHE MINOR PARTIES Ideological Parties These parties are
Political Parties The Two Main Parties Political PartiesPolitical Parties The Two Main Parties Political Parties
Minor Parties Types of Ideological parties Ideological PartiesMinor Parties Types of Ideological parties Ideological Parties
Account Administration SAP Account Administration Account Administration LearningAccount Administration SAP Account Administration Account Administration Learning
Current Account Surpluses Current Account Surplus Current accountCurrent Account Surpluses Current Account Surplus Current account
l l Account Account l Account Accountint nl l Account Account l Account Accountint n
Optimizing a function means taking into account allOptimizing a function means taking into account all
Chapter 8 Political Parties Political Parties and TheirChapter 8 Political Parties Political Parties and Their