4 3282017 12202016 1042016 5242016 3222016 12222015 1062015

4

3/28/2017 12/20/2016 10/4/2016 5/24/2016 3/22/2016 12/22/2015 10/6/2015 5/26/2015 3/24/2015 12/23/2014 9/23/2014 5/27/2014 3/25/2014 12/17/2013 10/1/2013 5/28/2013 3/26/2013 12/18/2012 9/25/2012 5/29/2012 3/27/2012 12/20/2011 9/27/2011 5/25/2011 12/23/2010 10/11/2010 6/9/2010 CPE歷次規模 2500 60 2000 50 40 1500 到考 30 1000 0 學校數 到考 20 500 10

解題比率 6/ 10 9/2 /1 01 0 12 1/20 /2 10 3/ 5/ 201 25 0 9/ /201 2 1 12 7/20 /2 11 0/ 3/ 201 27 1 5/ /201 29 2 9/ /201 2 2 12 5/20 /1 12 8/ 3/ 201 26 2 5/ /201 28 3 10 /201 / 3 12 1/20 /1 13 7/ 3/ 201 25 3 5/ /201 27 4 9/ /201 2 4 12 3/20 /2 14 3/ 3/ 201 24 4 5/ /201 26 5 10 /201 / 5 12 6/20 /2 15 2/ 3/ 201 22 5 5/ /201 24 6 10 /201 / 6 12 4/20 /2 16 0/ 3/ 201 28 6 /2 01 7 CPE歷次答對題數分佈 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 7題 6題 5題 4題 3題 2題 1題 0題 10% 0% 11

CPE題目難易度分佈(1) Level 2010/06/09 2010/10/11 2010/12/23 1 4 2 2 3 3 4 2 4 1 2 1 Total 9 9 9 2011/05/25 2011/09/27 2011/12/20 2012/03/27 2012/05/29 2012/09/25 2012/12/18 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 13

CPE題目難易度分佈(2) Level 2013/03/26 2013/05/28 2013/10/01 1 3 3 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 Total 7 7 7 2013/12/17 2014/03/25 2014/05/27 2014/09/23 2014/12/23 2015/03/24 2015/05/26 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 14

CPE題目難易度分佈(3) Level 2015/10/06 2015/12/22 2016/03/22 1 3 3 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 Total 7 7 7 2016/05/24 2016/10/04 2016/12/20 2017/03/28 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 7 7 15

2009 ACM ICPC亞洲區(印尼雅加達BINUS) 33

2010 ACM ICPC亞洲區(越南河內) 34

ACM ICPC Regional Contests (2016) n n ACM: Association for Computing Machinery ICPC: International Collegiate Programming Contest Region # of contests Africa and the Middle East 2 Asia 16 Europe 5 Latin America 4 North America 11 South Pacific 1 42

ACM ICPC World Finals https: //icpc. baylor. edu/welcome. icpc 1 -43

2002 ACM ICPC World Finals (64 Teams) Place University 1 Shanghai Jiao. Tong University 2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 3 University of Waterloo 4 Tsinghua University 5 Stanford University 6 Saratov State University 7 Fudan University 8 Duke University 9 Moscow State University 10 Universidad de Buenos Aires 11 Charles University Prague 11 Royal Institute of Technology 11 Seoul National University 11 St Petersburg Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics 11 University of New South Wales 11 University of Wisconsin - Madison 11 Warsaw University 18 Albert Einstein University Ulm 18 Belarusian State University 18 Novosibirsk State University Place University 18 Petrozavodsk State University 18 POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest 18 Sharif University of Technology 18 The University of Tokyo 18 University of Oldenburg 18 University of Toronto 27 California Institute of Technology 27 Cornell University 27 Orel State Technical University 27 Queen's University 27 Sofia University 27 The Chinese University of Hong Kong 27 The University of Chicago 27 University of Calgary 27 University of California, San Diego 27 University of Central Florida 27 University of Otago 27 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 27 Virginia Tech

ACM ICPC World Champions year 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 champions Michigan State University (USA) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA) Washington University in St. Louis (USA) University of Missouri–Rolla Louis (USA) Baylor University Louis (USA) University of Nebraska Louis (USA) Johns Hopkins University Louis (USA) Stanford University Louis (USA) California Institute of Technology Louis (USA) year champions 1987 Stanford University (USA) California Institute of 1988 Technology (USA) University of California, Los 1989 Angeles (USA) University of Otago (New 1990 Zealand) 1991 Stanford University (USA) University of Melbourne 1992 (Australia) 1993 Harvard University (USA) University of Waterloo 1994 (Canada) Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat 1995 (Germany) University of California, 1996 Berkeley (USA) 45

ACM ICPC World Champions year place 1997 San Jose 1998 Atlanta 1999 Eindhoven 2000 Orlando country 59 univers site team finalchampions ity 560 1100 50 Harvey Mudd College (USA) 49 1250 54 Charles University (Czech) 839 63 1900 62 University of Waterloo (Canada) St. Petersburg State University 2400 60 (Russia) St. Petersburg State University 1079 2700 64 (Russia) Shanghai Jiaotong University 1300 3082 64 (China) 2001 Vancouver 70 2002 Honolulu 67 2003 Beverly Hills 68 1329 106 3835 70 Warsaw University (Poland) 2004 Prague 75 1411 127 3105 73 2005 Shanghai 2006 San Antonio 84 St. Petersburg Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics (Russia) Shanghai Jiaotong University 78 (China) 1737 183 5606 83 Saratov State University (Russia) 46

ACM ICPC World Champions year place country 2007 Tokyo 82 2008 Banff 2009 Stockholm 88 2010 Harbin 82 2011 Orlando 88 2012 Warsaw 85 2013 St. Petersburg 91 2014 Ekaterinburg 94 univer site team final champions sity 1756 205 6099 88 Warsaw University (Poland) St. Petersburg State University of IT, 1821 213 6700 100 Mechanics, and Optics (Russia) St. Petersburg State University of IT, 1838 7109 100 Mechanics, and Optics (Russia) Shanghai Jiaotong University 1931 242 7900 103 (China) 2070 280 8305 100 Zhejiang University (China) St. Petersburg National Research 2219 8478 112 University of IT, Mechanics, and Optics (Russia) St. Petersburg National Research 2322 9800 119 University of IT, Mechanics, and Optics (Russia) St. Petersburg State University 2286 10681 122 (Russia) 47

ACM ICPC World Champions year place country 2015 Marrakesh 102 2016 Phuket univer site team final champions sity St. Petersburg National Research 2736 481 128 University of IT, Mechanics, and Optics (Russia) 128 St. Petersburg State University (Russia) 48

UVA Online Judge n n n 線上即時評分系統(電腦自動評分） 題目來源：ACM ICPC 題目總數：超過4500題 http: //uva. onlinejudge. org/ 1 -49

The Format of One Problem General Description n Input Format n Output Format n Sample Input n Sample Output n

1 main() 2 { 3 int loop = 0, number = 0; 4 int i, j, k; 5 for (i = 0; i <= 5; i++) 6 for (j = 0; j <= 10; j++) 7 for (k = 0; k <= 50; k++) 8 { 9 loop++; 10 if (i*10 + j*5+ k == 50) 11 number++; 12 } 13 printf("共%d種, 執行迴圈%d次n", number, loop); 14 } 【執行結果】 共 36種, 執行迴圈3366次 59

1 main() 2 { 3 int loop = 0, number = 0; 4 int i, j, k; 5 for (i = 0; i <= 5; i++) 6 for (j = 0; j <= 10; j++) 7 for (k = 0; k <= 50; k+=5) 8 { 9 loop++; 10 if (i*10 + j*5+ k == 50) 11 number++; 12 } 13 printf("共%d種, 執行迴圈%d次n", number, loop); 14 } 【執行結果】 共 36種, 執行迴圈726次 61

1 main() 2 { 3 int loop = 0, number = 0; 4 int i, j, k; 5 for (i = 0; i <= 5; i++) 6 for (j = 0; j <= 10; j++) 7 for (k = 0; k <= 50; k+=5) 8 { 9 loop++; 10 if (i*10 + j*5+ k == 50) 11 { 12 number++; break; 13 } 14 } 15 printf("共%d種, 執行迴圈%d次n", number, loop); 16 } 【執行結果】 共 36種, 執行迴圈491次 63

1 main() 2 { 3 int loop = 0, number = 0; 4 int i, j; 5 for (i = 0; i <= 5; i++) 6 for (j = 0; j <= (50 -i*10)/5; j++) 7 { 8 loop++; 9 number++; 10 } 11 printf("共%d種, 執行迴圈%d次n", number, loop); 12 } 【執行結果】 共 36種, 執行迴圈36次 65

尤拉的七橋問題 Euler's Konigsberg's (1255) Bridges Problem (1946, Kaliningrad) n 一筆劃問題 n C A D B C D A B 72

人際網路(Social Network)(1) n Erdős number MSN, Yahoo! Messenger（即時通） n Facebook Wretch（無名） Twitter（推特） Plurk（噗浪） n 73

人際網路(Social Network)(2) n Social Network 74

數學七大難題 n Clay Mathematics Institute of Cambridge, Massachusetts (CMI) 於 2000年提出 n n n n n Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture Hodge Conjecture Navier-Stokes Equations P vs NP Poincaré Conjecture Riemann Hypothesis Yang-Mills Theory 解決一道題目，獎金一百萬美元 2010，Grigoriy Perelman(俄羅斯) 已經解決Poincaré Conjecture 82