4 2 Europeans Settle North America Claims in

4. 2 Europeans Settle North America

Claims in North America n n n A northwest trade route to Asia through North America = huge profits Route does not exist – countries settle instead France, England, Holland establish colonies in North America

New France n n n Explore what is today, Canada Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec – becomes capital of New France Marquette & Joliet explore Great Lakes & upper Mississippi River de La Salle explores lower Mississippi – claims entire Mississippi River Valley for France Fur trade becomes primary economic activity

England’s Claims n n Jamestown (Virginia) = first English settlement in North America Jamestown (1607) was a disaster q q Settlers want gold instead of crops Built on swamp – diseases spread 70 % of people die Tobacco saves Jamestown

England Claims n New England founded q q q Pilgrims escape religious persecution – land in Plymouth, Massachusetts Puritans come to New England – goal = build model community for other Christians More successful than Jamestown because many families

Dutch Settlements n n n Dutch establish forts around Hudson River Trade with Iroquois Indians Begin colony of New Netherland Dutch settlement slow, so others invited to colonize New Netherland (German, French, etc. ) New Netherland splits English holdings in America

Caribbean Colonies n n English colonize Jamaica and Barbados French colonize Haiti, Guadeloupe, and Martinique Dutch colonize Aruba and Netherlands Antilles Cotton and sugar plantations = major industry

The Fight for North America n The English want to connect their colonies q n They defeat the Dutch – rename New Netherland to New York The French and Indian War q q English settlers push west into French territory past Appalachian Mountains England oppress natives Natives ally with French England wins

Native American Response n n French and Dutch cooperate with natives due to fur trade England want to expand colonies – take land of Native Americans English feel Native Americans are heathen Metacom = Native American leader attacks English villages q n English respond by attacking tribes – English win Disease wipes out Native Americans q Effects = can’t defend territory; major labor shortage