4 1 Structure of the human gas exchange

Learning Objectives • How is the human gas exchange system arranged? • What are

What gases do we need to exchange? • We need oxygen to make energy

Why do we need lungs? • We need a large volume of oxygen and

Why do we need lungs? • We also need to respire to create enough

Why do we need lungs? • Lungs offer increased surface area, making gas exchange

Ribcage • The lungs are supported by this bony box. Muscles in between the

Lungs • A pair of lobed structures made up of series of branched tubules

Trachea • Flexible airway supported by rings of cartlidge, which prevents the trachea from

Bronchi • Two divisions of the trachea and similar in structure. e. g. Cartilage,

Bronchioles • Subdivision branches of the bronchi. Walls are made of muscle which allows

Alveoli • Minute air sacs, diameter 100 um to 300 um. Contain collagen and

Lung Diagram Left Bronchus Bronchioles Alveoli

Alveoli Diagram Oxygenated blood out Deoxygenated blood in Branch of the pulmonary artery Branch

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4. 1 Structure of the human gas exchange system Pages 74 -75

Learning Objectives • How is the human gas exchange system arranged? • What are the functions of its main parts?

What gases do we need to exchange? • We need oxygen to make energy (int the form of ATP) during aerobic respiration. • Carbon Dioxide is a waste product of this process which is harmful if not removed from the body.

Why do we need lungs? • We need a large volume of oxygen and we create a large volume of carbon dioxide because we are large organisms with many cells.

Why do we need lungs? • We also need to respire to create enough energy to ensure that we can maintain a constant body temperature.

Why do we need lungs? • Lungs offer increased surface area, making gas exchange with the blood much more efficient.

Ribcage • The lungs are supported by this bony box. Muscles in between the ribs ensure that the ribcage can move.

Lungs • A pair of lobed structures made up of series of branched tubules known as bronchioles, which end in tiny air sacs called alveoli.

Larynx

Trachea • Flexible airway supported by rings of cartlidge, which prevents the trachea from collapsing. The tracheal walls are made of muscle lined with cilliated epithelium and goblet cells.

Cilliated Epithelium and dust particles

Bronchi • Two divisions of the trachea and similar in structure. e. g. Cartilage, cillia and goblet cells

Bronchioles • Subdivision branches of the bronchi. Walls are made of muscle which allows them to constrict and therefore control ventilation of the alveoli.

Alveoli • Minute air sacs, diameter 100 um to 300 um. Contain collagen and elastic fibres which allows stretching and springing back during inspiration and expiration. Lined with epithelium, Alveoli are the site of gas exchange.

Lung Diagram Left Bronchus Bronchioles Alveoli

Alveoli Diagram Oxygenated blood out Deoxygenated blood in Branch of the pulmonary artery Branch of the pulmonary vein Alveoli Alveolus Network of capillaries over the surface of the alveoli