33 1 Skeletal System KEY CONCEPT The skeletal

33. 1 Skeletal System KEY CONCEPT The skeletal system includes bones and tissues that are important for: supporting, protecting, and moving your body.

33. 1 Skeletal System Cranium Label the skeleton: Humerus Ulna Mandible Radius Pelvis Femur Patella Fibula Tibia

33. 1 Skeletal System Vertebrae:

33. 1 Skeletal System Your skeletal system is made up of the appendicular and axial skeletons. • The skeletal system protects, supports, and moves the body.

33. 1 Skeletal System • Appendicular skeleton: legs, arms, feet, hands, scapula, clavicle, pelvis – allows for movement

33. 1 Skeletal System • Axial skeleton: skull, rib cage, spinal column, sternum skull – supports body and protects tissues – allows for limited movement rib sternum Vertebrae: bones that surround spinal cord vertebra

33. 1 Skeletal System • Cartilage is connective tissue between bones. – cushions bones – allows for smooth movement – connect two bones cartilage

33. 1 Skeletal System How many bones are in the human body? What do bones do? fibrous joint -framework for muscles to pull against -shape and structure to body -support and protect organs • Joints- places where two bones meet. 3 types of joints. 206

33. 1 Skeletal System 3 types of Joints Fibrous or fixed: • do not allow for movement • found in skull

33. 1 Skeletal System 3 types of joints: Cartilaginous -allows partial movement -hold vertebrae in place; rib cage cartilage

33. 1 Skeletal System 3 types of joints Synovial joints -allows for greater movement -5 types of synovial joints

33. 1 Skeletal System • There are 5 types of synovial joints. – gliding – pivot GLIDING JOINT – ball-and-socket PIVOT JOINT – saddle BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT – hinge SADDLE JOINT HINGE JOINT

33. 1 Skeletal System Synovial Joints Type of Joint G. Gliding Joint B. Pivot Joint F. Ball and Socket Joint Type of Movement Allows bones to slide over each other Wrist, ankle Side to side, rotate Top 2 vertebrae of spine Almost any direction, up, down, forward, backward, circular Shoulder, hip E. Saddle Joint Rotation, front to back; left to right D. Hinge Joint Example on Body One direction, forward and backward Thumb Elbow, knee, fingers, toes

33. 1 Skeletal System • Ligaments are long bands of tissue that connect bones across a joint. ligament

33. 1 Skeletal System Bones are living tissue. • Bone is made of compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue. Compact bone Spongy bone

33. 1 Skeletal System • Compact bone is hard and dense. – Osteocytes (bone cells) maintain compact bone rings. – Haversian canals allow blood vessels in the bone. osteocytes blood vessel Haversian canals

33. 1 Skeletal System • Spongy bone protects red or yellow bone marrow. – Red bone marrow produces blood cells. – Yellow bone marrow is mostly fat. Periosteum A layer of connective tissue that covers bone Red bone marrow

33. 1 Skeletal System • Calcification is the process of building hard bone. – combines collagen and calcium phosphate – transforms cartilage into hard bone during childhood osteocyte compact bone

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33. 1 Skeletal System osteocytes blood vessel Periosteum Compact bone Haversian canals Yellow bone marrow Spongy bone Red bone marrow

33. 1 Skeletal System compound simple Fractures stress

33. 1 Skeletal System