30 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE CIRCULATORY

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • There are three major functions of the circulatory system. – transporting blood, gases, nutrients – collecting waste materials – maintaining body temperature Oxygen-rich blood Oxygen-poor blood

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • - Includes: Heart Veins Arteries Blood Capillaries Oxygen-poor blood Oxygen-rich blood

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C The circulatory system moves blood to all parts of the body. • The system includes the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. – heart pumps blood throughout body – arteries move blood away from heart – veins move blood back to heart – capillaries get blood to and from cells arteries veins

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • The heart has four chambers: two atria, two ventricles. • Valves in each chamber prevent backflow of blood. pulmonary valve aortic valve left atrium right atrium mitral valve left ventricle tricuspid right ventricle septum • Muscles squeeze the chambers in a powerful pumping action.

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C KEY CONCEPT The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide.

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • The respiratory system is where gas exchange occurs. – Mouth, Nose, Trachea, Lungs, Diaphragm sinus nose mouth epiglottis trachea lungs

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • Breathing involves the diaphragm and muscles of the rib cage. • Air flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure. Air inhaled. Air exhaled. Muscles and rib cage relax. Muscles contract and rib cage expands. Diaphragm flattens and moves downward. Diaphragm relaxes and rises.

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • Smoking is the leading cause of lung diseases.

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C Several digestive organs work together to break down food. • The digestive system breaks down food into energy cells can use. • After digestion is complete, nutrients are absorbed and transported to all cells. • Undigested materials are eliminated as liquid and solid wastes. mouth esophagus liver gallbladder large intestine small intestine rectum/anus

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth. • Digestion of proteins occurs in the stomach. • Digestion of fats and sugars occur in the small intestine.

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C Digestion is completed in part of the small intestine. • Most digestion takes place in the beginning of the SI. • The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder aid in digestion. – pancreas helps digest fat and protein – bile from the liver/gallbladder helps digest fats liver bile stomach chyme enzymes gallbladder pancreas duodenum

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. • Three structures in the small intestine help absorb nutrients. – folded lining: adds surface area, slows food – villi: absorb nutrients – microvilli: cover villi, absorb nutrients

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C Water is absorbed and solid wastes are eliminated from the large intestine. • The colon helps to maintain the body’s fluid balance. • Undigested material forms the solid feces. – stored in rectum – eliminated through anus large intestine rectum/anus

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • The large intestine contains many bacteria. – some synthesize important vitamins – Some, like E. coli, can cause illness

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C The excretory system eliminates nonsolid wastes from the body. • Nonsolid wastes are eliminated through lungs, skin, and kidneys. • Lungs exhale carbon dioxide and water vapor. • Sweat glands in skin release excess water and salts. • Kidneys filter and clean the blood to produce urine. skin lungs kidneys ureters urethra urinary bladder

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE SKELETALSYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • The skeletal system protects, supports, and moves the body.

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE SKELETALSYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • Your skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments,

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE SKELETALSYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • Cartilage is connective tissue between bones. – cushions bones – allows for smooth movement – connect two bones cartilage

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE SKELETALSYSTEM Bones connect to form joints. • Joints are places were two bones meet. • There are three types of joints. – fibrous, which does not fibrous joint allow for movement TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE SKELETALSYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • Ligaments are long bands of tissue that connect bones across a joint. ligament

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE SKELETALSYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C Bones are living tissue. • Bone is made of compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue. Compact bone Spongy bone

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • Spongy bone protects red or yellow bone marrow. – Red bone marrow produces blood cells. – Yellow bone marrow is mostly fat. Periosteum A layer of connective tissue that covers bone Red bone marrow

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • The muscular system moves substances throughout the body. • Muscles are tissues that can contract, enabling movement. – – bones of the skeletal system food through digestive system blood through circulatory system fluids through excretory system

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • There are three types of muscle tissue. – skeletal muscle – smooth muscle – cardiac muscle SKELETAL MUSCLE SMOOTH MUSCLE CARDIAC MUSCLE

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • Skeletal muscle attaches to the skeleton by tendons. – Tendons connect muscle to bone. – Skeletal muscles are mostly voluntary. SKELETAL MUSCLE

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • Smooth muscle lines organs and is involuntary. – move food through digestive organs – empty liquid from the bladder – control width of blood vessels Smooth muscle around this artery allows the artery to regulate blood flow by shrinking and expanding. SMOOTH MUSCLE

30. 1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart. – pumps blood throughout body – controlled by pacemaker – contains more mitochondria than skeletal muscle cells CARDIAC MUSCLE

30. 1 INTEGUMENTARY Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C The integumentary system helps maintain homeostasis. • The integument is the body system that surrounds all your other organ systems.

30. 1 INTEGUMENTARY Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C The integumentary system helps maintain homeostasis. The integument is the body system that surrounds all your other organ systems. • The integumentary system consists of many parts. – – – skin hair nails oil glands sweat glands proteins, such as keratin

30. 1 INTEGUMENTARY Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C The integumentary system consists of many different tissues. • The outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis. – dead skin cells – oils epidermis – pores pore

30. 1 INTEGUMENTARY Respiratory and Circulatory Functions THE SYSTEM TEKS 4 B, 10 A, 10 C • Cells in the epidermis produce keratin and melanin. – Keratin makes cells waterproof and tough feeling. – Melanin is a dark pigment that absorbs UV rays.