3 Movements of the Trunk Flexion Rotation Extension

3 Movements of the Trunk Flexion Rotation Extension

TRUNK FLEXION

TRUNK FLEXION: Rectus Abdominalis • O: Crest of Pubis & ligaments covering front of symphysis pubis. I: By « 3 portions into cartilages of 5 th, 6 th & 7 th ribs. • N: Lower intercostal nerves. • Accessory Ms. : • Internal Obliques & external obliques (reverse action).

TRUNK FLEXION: ROM • In backlying: flex. of thorax on pelvis is possible until scapulae are raised from the table. • Motion is mainly at the thoracic spine. Fixation: 1) Reverse action of hip flexor muscles. 2) Weight of legs and pelvis.

TRUNK FLEXION: Rectus Abdominalis Limited ROM if: • Tension of the posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamenta flava & interspinal & infraspinal ligaments. • Tension of the spinal extensor muscles. • Apposition of lower lips of vertebral bodies anteriorly with surfaces of subjacent vertebrae. • Compression of intervertebral fibocartilages in front. • Contact of lower ribs with abdomen.

Each vertebra is made up of

TRUNK FLEXION: Testing Grade 1 -0 • Note: observe deviation of umbilicus. • Upward movement indicates stronger contraction of upper section muscle, & downward movement, stronger contraction of lower section.

Trunk Rotation: Internal & External Oblique: • O: 8 digitations from external surfaces & inf. borders of lower 8 ribs. • I: Ant. ½ of iliac crest & aponeurosis to pubic tubercle. • N: Lower intercostals.

Trunk Rotation: Internal & External Oblique Internal Oblique • O: lateral half of upper surface of inguinal ligament, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest. • I: Crest of pubis, linea alba, inf. bordres of cartilages of 3 last ribs. • N: Lower intercostals.

Trunk Rotation: Int. & Ext. Oblique: ROM in backlying: until scapula on side of forward shoulder is raised from table. Fixation: Limited by: • Reverse action of hip • Tension of annulus fibrosus flexors. between vertebrae. • Tension of oblique abdominal muscles on side opposite to those being tested. • In thoracic area, tension of the costovertebral ligaments. In Lumbar area, interlocking of articular facets. • Accessory muscles: – – – Lattissimus Dorsi. Semispinalis. Multifidus. Rotatores Rectus abdominis (combined trunk rotation & flexion).

Facet joints:

Inter-vertebral disc (IVD):

Trunk Rotation: Int. & Ext. Oblique: Gr. 1 & 0 • Note: Observe deviation of umbilicus, which will move towards the strongest quadrant if there is a difference in strength of opposing oblique muscles.

Trunk Extension 5 muscles: • Iliocostalis Dorsalis • Longissimus dorsi • Spinalis dorsi • Iliocostalis lumborum • Quadratus lumborum • Sacrospinalis

Trunk Extension Accessory muscles: • Semispinales • Rotatores • Multifidus. ROM: • Thoracic spine extends only to approximately a straight line. • Lumbar spine extends freely. Fixation: • Contraction of gluteus max. & hamstring muscles. • Weight of pelvis & legs. • Limitation of ROM: • Tension of anterior Longitudinal ligament of spine. • Tension of ant. Abdominal Muscles • Contact of spinous processes. • Contact of inf. articular margins with laminae.

Thoracic Spine