3 MAIN LAYERS OF EARTH MANTLE OUTER CORE

3 MAIN LAYERS OF EARTH MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE CRUST

EARTH’S LAYERS

Continental CRUST l Continental Crust – Land, mountains, soil – Mostly Granite rock – Elements: l Oxygen 47% l Silicon 28% l Aluminum 8% l Calcium l Sodium

Continental CRUST l Continental Crust - 40 km or 25 miles thick – Coolest Temp. of all layers – Least dense of all layers – Density 2. 7 g/cm 3

Oceanic CRUST l Oceanic Crust The Crust beneath the oceans – Mostly basalt rock –

Oceanic CRUST – Elements: l Oxygen 47 % l Silicon 28 % l Aluminum 8% Small amounts of: Iron Magnesium

Oceanic CRUST l Surface to 8 km or 5 miles thick l Temp ranges from 870°Celsius to higher l Density 3 g/cm 3 l Greater pressure than Continental Crust

MANTLE l Elements: Iron – Silicon – Magnesium – 68 % of the Earth’s entire mass l 80 % of Earth’s volume l

MANTLE 1800 miles thick l Starts @ 40 km below the surface & goes to 2900 km! l Temp from 870° Celsius to 2200° Celsius l

MANTLE Pressure and Density is greater than the crust l Density 3 g/cm 3 to 9 g/cm 3 l Plasticity: – A solid that flows like a liquid – Brittle upper mantle – Convection Currents l

CONVECTION CURRENTS

Liquid Outer CORE Liquid outer core – Elements: l Iron & Nickel Hot magnetic liquid l Starts @ 2900 km and goes to 5150 km deep l Temp ranges from 2200° C to 5000°C l Density 9 g/cm 3 11 g/cm 3 l

Solid Inner CORE l l l Elements: Iron & Nickel HOT Magnetic Solid Starts @ 5150 km below Earth’s surface and goes to the Earth’s center. 800 miles thick Temp ranges from 5000° C to 9000°C

Solid Inner CORE l. Density 11 g/cm 3 to 13 g/cm 3 l. Greatest pressure l Hottest layer

Solid Inner Core Explained!!

Earth’s Layers & Density