3 Egeo 201 Human Geography Chapter One Contemporary

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Egeo 201: Human Geography. Chapter One Contemporary Geography by James Rubenstein Where & Why – Pattern & Process

Human Geography • Is a science that deals with three questions: Where are things – that is it looks at and for PATTERNS or where, second Why/How things exist at a specific location – that is it looks at and for PROCESSES that created the patterns, finally it considers why they are Significant – that is what are the IMPACTS of something at a given location. • Go to slides on definition building • An introduction to Human Geography http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=1 Ce 4 P 05 Tr. NQ&feature=related What is Geography http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=sv 2 p. LYTkw. G 4&feature=related

Human Geography • The investigation is done using the SCIENTIFIC method (can include hypothesis testing) • As Geography this is done across the LANDSCAPE (face of the earth)

Scientific Approach Nutshell: Making & Testing Hypotheses -- Trying to disprove them

Human Geography • Five points to remember 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Pattern (where) Process (why how) Impact (why bother) Scientific Approach Landscape (face of earth)

Some cool videos What is Geography – good music and nice pictures http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=sv 2 p. LYTkw. G 4&feature=r elated An introduction to Human Geography – more academic http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=1 Ce 4 P 05 Tr. NQ&feature= related Why should I care about Geography? -- fun https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Pl 8 OOIx. KYk 8 Whys Why study geography https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=t_a 5 OLScri 0 – feel good, even Prince William studied Geography as well as Michael Jordan

Must see Video https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7_pw 8 duz. GUg

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=6 Mj 8 MTWZX 4 M

But what jobs do Geographers do? ? Click here http: //www. aag. org/cs/what_geographers_do

Pattern: Crop Circles • What are these strange patterns • By what process were they created – What does this tell us about society in the UK?

Process: Is there intelligent life here on earth? • Investigating Crop Circles – • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=3 p. Dmr. Ww. Phpg See very beginning then skip to minute 3: 00

Impact – Who Cares? http: //ww w. youtub e. com/wa tch? v=L 2 Zx. Vqd. ZIi w

Mapping – Providing Location Terms to know • Scale • Projection • Geographic Grid – Lat. Long. , time zones • Remote sensing • GIS • GPS • Mash-ups

Outline of Additional Concepts • Where (Using geography to locate) – Location • Absolute – Geocodes, coordinate systems, addresses, place names… • Relative – Example “turn where the cow is standing in the field” or Nebraska is next to Kansas or the Performing Arts center is across the street from the library • Why/What (Using geography to describe & make choices) – Site & Situation Next to cow standing in the field

Where • Maps show us where things are

Why/What • Variety of tools available they include – Uniqueness of Location/Places – Uniqueness of Regions – Distribution of Features – Connections and Interactions between Places – Historical or Cultural effects

Uniqueness of Location/Places • Descriptive Characteristics – Site – Situation • Location Characteristics – Toponyms – Mathematical Location

Site (describe the Place) • Internal descriptors at a place – Physical – includes climate, topography, quality of soil, existence of natural harbor… – Human Impacts – includes built environment, local cultural impacts, long-term changes due to human occupation

Steps in determining SITE characteristics • Establish clear boundaries around a geographic area or region (“circle the area”) – Political bounds – Natural bounds – Other – market area for an airport or shopping center • Inside the bounded area evaluate/describe characteristics that are contained in the area • Could be natural resources • Natural features – hills, rivers, caves… • Human features – roads, housing type, income… • Etc…

Fraser Lowland – Physical Region

Site Examples Whatcom County (political bounds) • Recreational Opportunities: Ocean and Mountain venues • Rainy but Mild Climate • Region dissected by streams, rivers and wetlands • Mainly single family housing • Contains coal and forest resources

Situation (placement on Network) External Relations – linkages between place being studied and it surroundings Think Network and links

Steps in determining SITUATION characteristics • Think of a network (like a spider web of activities) • Describe how the location you are focusing on relates to all other locations on the network – hubs and spokes

Steps in determining SITUATION characteristics 0. Think of a spider web (mental image) 1. Change your entities/places (i. e. places) into points 2. Locate/Draw connections between the points (building your web or network) 3. For each point on this network describe how well it is interconnected: – extremes are end-points (dead ends) – centers are hubs (connections between numerous points) – connectors between are spokes (or “paths”)

Situation Examples • Access to Economic Inputs – e. g. connections to oil fields • Location on travel routes – airline hub and spoke system or interstates

Cushing, OK and Edmonton, AL Oil Hubs

Example Using Battle of Gettysburg Step Back first – Civil War Regions Pattern – Process Toponyms

Examples of Situation and Site Gettysburg movie part 1 Situation – “…all the roads converge here…what is the name of this town? ” General Lee Start around minute 11: 00 stop about 13: 00 http: //www. dailymotion. com/video/x 25 l 4 m_gettysburg-moviepart-1_events General Buford – best d** ground I’ve seen all day – the Devil to pay… the high ground -- 15: 47 http: //www. dailymotion. com/video/x 267 h 7_gettysburg-part 2_people Col. Chamberlain -- Charge down little round top … we’ll have the advantage of moving down the hill… -- 0: 07 http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=w. YDh. Amjmx. Yk

Gettysburg – Site -local features – high ground

Gettysburg – Situation – Hub for a network of roads

Video of Gettysburg Map Cosmos. Earth. Man. Bagua Gettysburg - maps Cosmos. Earth. Man. Bagua https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ungwi. DF 4 o. BE

Example 2 • Battle of Covadonga 722 AD https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=f-0 fh. O 0 Jeu 4

Toponyms • Naming a place on landscape – helps recognizing WHERE • Also can show political dominance or ownership • Rough rules Generally naming is based on the following historical progression 1. Natural features (note the remaining Salish names in our region, followed by names left by the Vancouver Expedition, for example Whatcom Creek and Bellingham Bay) 2. Settlements (the lack of large permanent Native American settlements, left this task to primarily European & American settlers) 3. Roads (In Bellingham primarily a late 19 th early 20 th century task -- note the prominence of State names and even a section of town where streets are named after the Great Lakes (where do you think these people or developers came from? )) 4. Parks, Schools, Public Facilities, . . . (primarily a 20 th century to recent task -- note the recent name change from Washington National Airport the Ronald Reagan Airport) 5. Anything that's left over or CHANGE NAMES or added (in Seattle we now have the "Gov. Rosaylene Bridge at Evergreen Point" rather than the original Evergreen Point Bridge or the T-Mobile Park in Seattle some day we might have '" your name here" Recycling Bin in the President Shepard Coffee Shop at the Multiculural Addition of the Western Student Union" )

How to Organize Space & Describe Space • Regions – relate more to process then pattern • Distribution – descriptors that help us understand patterns

Regions -- spatial organizing tool • Functional or Nodal – organized around a node of focal point – television station market (not satellite), baseball team fan base • Formal or Uniform – everything inside shares common characteristic – country with citizens inside (ignore foreign residents) • Vernacular or Perceptual – exist in minds of people as cultural identity – “Midwest” in the US

Functional Region: Television Markets - organized around a node of focal point – broadcast signal (note the outlines of the states and counties are formal regions) based on a function tv

Formal Region from 2008 election County Level Retuns -- everything inside shares common characteristic

Formal Region from 2008 election State Level Retuns -everything inside shares common characteristic

Formal Region from 2008 election -- everything inside shares common characteristic -- note difference if controlled for by population -- Cartogram http: //www-personal. umich. edu/~mejn/election/2008/stateelecredblue 1024. png

2016 Election – County Level with Cartograph http: //metrocosm. com/election-2016 -map-3 d/

Good Cartographic Study of 2016 Election – County Level Three Colors More Details: http: //www-personal. umich. edu/~mejn/election/2016/ Washington Post Article 2012 Election https: //www. washingtonpost. com/graphics/politics/2016 election/how-election-maps-lie/

Vernacular Region: “The South” -- exists in minds of people as cultural identity

Above is a map of the fan base (i. e. market area) for ML Baseball teams, what kind of regions are these? http: //www. nytimes. com/interactive/2014/04/24/upshot/facebook-baseball-map. html? _r=0

What kind of Regions?

Class Exercise: Vernacular Region – The West • Break into groups of about 3 • View the following map and decide what states belong to the region called “The West” in the US • Turn in a sheet of paper with your names and a list of Western states in alphabetic order

Add the Vernacular South to the Formal Voting Pattern Region

Distribution - Density – count of objects in a given land area - Concentration – clustered versus dispersed - “Geometric” Pattern – geometric arrangement of objects across space – regular versus irregular or random pattern

Density: count of an object per measure of space Concentration: How clustered or spread/dispersed across the landscape Dispersion vs Clustering Lower Density 24 homes Highly Dispersed Higher Density 32 homes Clustered -Concentrated

Class thought exercise 1. Identify the Region you live in (city, town, county, township…) 2. Describe how the level of Density (high, medium, low) 3. Describe the Concentration of housing around where you live (dispersed vs clustered)

Another view of population density http: //www. businessinsider. com/22 -gorgeous-maps-that-define-the-united-states-of-america-2013 -7#heres-where-americans-live-5

1950 Concentrated But how does the Density Change? ? ? 2009 Dispersed

Geomentric Pattern (2. 0) Pattern – geometric arrangement of objects across space – regular versus irregular or random pattern

Suburban Patterns Rectilinear Pattern Curvilinear Pattern Combination

Other Patterns Rectalinear Oval pattern “Crime Control Suburban • Note there is only one or two ways in our out

Distance Decay Concepts on Distance Space-Time Compresion

Hearth & Diffusion • Hearth – Where did something originate • Diffusion – How did it spread – Relocation Diffusion – result of people moving – Expansion Diffusion – spread of feature in additive process • Hierarchical – from more important to less • Contagious – widespread throughout • Stimulus – only idea or underlying principle spreads

Blue Jeans: Hearth & Diffusion Relocation – starts in San Fran. Moves with miners & others Expansion Three Types • Hierarchical – easier to find in urbanized areas • Contagious – people see what the like & buy • Stimulous – others copy idea – competing brands Levi Straus – not wearing blue jeans!!!

Levi Strauss and His Company by Susan Saperstein As historians, we like to correct others’ misconceptions of history. Here are some myths about Levi Strauss and his company: MYTHE • Levi Strauss invented jeans when peddling tent canvas material in gold camps. The miners asked for strong pants, and he made pants out of the canvas and used rivets on the pockets. • The company always made jeans. • The name denim comes from a town in France named Nimes. • These pants with the riveted pockets were always called jeans. TRUTH The actual history goes like this: • A tailor named Jacob Davis was the inventor of the pants later known as Levi’s or jeans. He approached Levi Strauss & Co. with his idea to secure a patent. It is likely that Davis thought that the company could give him the business network needed to market his idea. Ben Davis, his grandson, later founded the Ben Davis Manufacturing Company – still owned by the Davis family. • The company started out selling dry goods such as clothing, buttons, bedding, and other textiles to small stores in the West in the early 1850 s. The patent for the pants was not granted until 1873. http: //www. sfcityguides. org/public_guidelines. html? article=244&submitted=TRUE&srch_text=levi%20 straus&submitted 2=TRUE&topic=

Expansion –Contagious & Hierarchical Diffusion: Swine Flu 4/27/2009

Ebola

Human-Environment Interaction The environment provides a base upon which humans interact • Possibilism – adjusting to the environment – Not environmental determinism Humans alter the landscape • Global climate change, leveling and filling in cities

Denny Regrade in Seattle

What if all the Ice on the Globe Melted http: //www. businessinsider. com/how-kentuckys-berea-college-got-such-a-big-endowment-2015 -3

Maps: Look in Book • Projections • Scale • Mathematical Location –coordinate systems • Mashing • GIS

In Class Exercise 1. Break into groups of 2 to 3 2. Write down all the terms you can remember from Chapter 1 for geographically analysing, mapping and describing the world. (put your names on sheet alphabetically) 3. Instructor will flash 3 or 4 maps on the screen and you’ll have about 30 sec. to identify as many concepts from your list. 4. Randomly groups will be selected to share their results.

Other things • Dumb and Dumber Geography Lesson http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=y. UNgdkqj. I 8 E&feature=related • What is Science? The Daily Show Definition. http: //www. thedailyshow. com/watch/wed-october-26 • 2011/weathering-fights---science---what-s-it-up-tohttp: //www. thedailyshow. com/watch/wed-october-26 -2011/lisa-randall • University of British Columbia Okanagan video, "Schist Geographers Say": http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=nqgi. Nn. R 9 O 3 k