3 Communicating Design Ideas Objectives Explain the three

3 Communicating Design Ideas

Objectives • Explain the three basic types of communication technology. • List various forms of communication. • Communicate ideas using isometric and perspective sketches. • Draw simple objects using orthographic projection. • Demonstrate standard drawing techniques. • Explain the advantages of computer-aided design. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Objectives • Summarize the principle of concurrent engineering. • Identify uses for 3 D printing. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Communication • Types of communication • Visual communication • Audiovisual communication • Communication technology © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Forms of Communication • Hand signals and sounds • Symbols and signs • Electronic communication © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Discussion What are some methods people use to communicate? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Sketching • Line drawings • Drafting • “Language of industry” • Prevents confusion about the size and shape of an object or structure © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Three Types of Drawings © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Freehand Sketching • Allows you to record ideas rapidly • Allows you to share and discuss ideas • Makes it easier to develop ideas © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Isometric Sketching • Media • Isometric paper • Plain paper • Isometric axes • Height • Width • Depth © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Isometric Sketching • • Draw basic shape using construction lines Refine the sketch Darken sketch lines Remove unnecessary construction lines © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Freehand Isometric Sketching © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Perspective Sketching • Most realistic picture of objects • Parallel lines converge • Vertical lines become shorter as they disappear into the distance © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Discussion What is the difference between an isometric sketch and a perspective sketch? © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Orthographic Projection • Three standard views • Front • Top • Right side • Standard arrangement © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Drawing Instruments • • T-square 45 and 30 /60 drafting triangles Compass Scale (ruler) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Drawing Techniques © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Alphabet of Lines © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Dimensioning • Overall dimensions • Detail dimensions © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Scale Drawings • Full scale (1: 1) • Objects drawn at true size • Reduced scale • For objects too large to fit on paper • Example: 1: 2 • Enlarged scale • For objects too small to see details clearly • Example: 2: 1 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Discussion Name an object that must be drawn at a reduced scale and one that must be drawn at an enlarged scale. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) • Three parts • Input device • Processor • Output device • Used to create accurate design drawings • 3 D designs • Virtual reality © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Advantages of CAD • Corrections can be made quickly • Nothing needs to be drawn more than once • 3 D images can be rotated and viewed from various angles © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Discussion How has CAD changed the way products are designed and made? © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Concurrent Engineering • Product produced quickly • Product meets customer needs • Constant communication among: • • • Designers Production team Customers Marketing Project manager © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

3 D Printers • • Additive fabrication Rapid prototyping (RP) systems Rapid manufacturing systems “Personal” 3 D printers © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review What are three basic types of communication? Visual communication, audio communication, and audiovisual communication © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review A blog is a form of _____ communication. electronic © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Name three reasons why freehand sketching is important in product design. 1) It allows you to record ideas rapidly. 2) It allows you to share and discuss ideas with others. 3) It makes it easier to develop ideas. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review In _____ sketching, lines representing the width and depth of the item are set at 30 from the horizontal. isometric © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review In _____ sketching, parallel lines converge and vertical lines become shorter as they disappear into the distance. perspective © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review In orthographic projection, the viewing angle is at _____ angles to the surface. right © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review True or False? When drawing vertical lines with a drafting triangle, you should draw the lines from top to bottom. False © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review True or False? Concurrent engineering saves time because of increased communication. True © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review How can 3 D printing be used to experiment with ideas during the design stage? It can be used to create prototypes quickly. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

GLOSSARY • 3 D printer • Any machine that can process a CAD file to create a 3 D part. • Additive fabrication • The process of creating a “ 3 D print” of an object from a CAD file by depositing layers of liquid, powder, or sheet material according to computer instructions and fusing the layers together. • Alphabet of lines • The standard line types and widths used on technical drawings. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

GLOSSARY • Communication • The process of exchanging information or ideas between two or more living beings. • Communication technology • The transmitting and receiving of information using technical means, such as special devices for transmitting and receiving information and special mediums for transmission. • Computer-aided design (CAD) • A method of making accurate drawings using a computer. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

GLOSSARY • Concurrent engineering • A system of designing, developing, and manufacturing a product that involves every department, as well as the customer, from the beginning of the design stage. • Construction lines • Thin, faint lines used to start a drawing. • Drafting • Drawings of ideas to be communicated, often called the “language of industry. ” © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

GLOSSARY • Freehand sketching • Sketching by hand without the aid of mechanical instruments such as rulers and templates. • Isometric axes • Three intersecting lines that form the basis of an isometric drawing. One of the lines is vertical. The other two are at 30° from the horizontal. • Isometric sketching • The simplest type of picture-like drawing; it is used to share an idea or record ideas for further discussion. • Line drawings • Objects and ideas represented by lines and shapes. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

GLOSSARY • Orthographic projection • Kind of drawing that shows each surface of the object “square on” (at right angles to the surface). • Perspective sketching • Sketching method that provides the most realistic picture of objects. • Rapid manufacturing system • A 3 D printer that is capable of creating real parts for use in actual products. • Rapid Prototyping (RP) • A system that creates a prototype part quickly from a CAD file. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

GLOSSARY • Scale drawing • A drawing that is larger or smaller than the object by a fixed ratio. • Symbol • Simple picture or shape used as a means of communicating without using words. • Views • In orthographic projection, drawings of the front, top, or right side of an object taken at right angles to the surfaces. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

GLOSSARY • Virtual reality • An artificial environment provided by a computer that creates sights, sounds, and, occasionally, feelings through the use of a mask, speakers, and gloves or other sensory-enhancing devices. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.