3 4 1 Human Population Growth L O

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3. 4. 1 Human Population Growth L. O: to describe and explain the shape

3. 4. 1 Human Population Growth L. O: to describe and explain the shape of the human population growth curve to explain why different countries have different growth curves Make a note of the total human population size, as we shall see how much it increases during the lesson! http: //galen. metapath. org/popclk. html

 • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=sc 4 Hx. Px. N r. Z 0&feature=relmfu

• http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=sc 4 Hx. Px. N r. Z 0&feature=relmfu • http: //www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-15445092

The human population has grown exponentially since the industrial revolution when new technology increased

The human population has grown exponentially since the industrial revolution when new technology increased the carrying capacity of the Earth. population (billions) There are currently more than 6 billion people on Earth. The population growth rate can be calculated by subtracting death rate from birth rate, or using the following equation: population = growth rate 4 of 37 population at end of period population at – start of period × 100 population at start of period © Boardworks Ltd 2009

Demography is the study of the size and structure of populations, including a population’s

Demography is the study of the size and structure of populations, including a population’s age and sex distribution. Demographic rates, such as population growth rate, birth rate and death rate can be used to describe how a population, or a subset of a population, changes over time. deaths births immigration population emigration A population’s demographic rates are determined by the environmental conditions. Human populations are greatly affected by their level of economic development. 5 of 37 © Boardworks Ltd 2009

Population growth rates • For each of the locations, calculate: – Birth rate –

Population growth rates • For each of the locations, calculate: – Birth rate – Death rate – Population growth rate • What factors affect: a) birth rate? b) death rate?

Population growth rates

Population growth rates

Demographic transition model 8 of 37 © Boardworks Ltd 2009

Demographic transition model 8 of 37 © Boardworks Ltd 2009

Demographic Transition Model 1. Complete the sheet to show the name of each stage

Demographic Transition Model 1. Complete the sheet to show the name of each stage and the causes and effects on changes in birth/death rate and natural increase. 2. Try to suggest countries that may be in each stage.

Summary – Factors affecting human population size • • Food availability – agricultural developments

Summary – Factors affecting human population size • • Food availability – agricultural developments Disease – healthcare, vaccinations, sanitation New technologies/manufacturing techniques War/natural disasters Birth control/education Economic conditions Cultural/religious/political factors

Age population pyramids Show % male and female per age group Three typical types:

Age population pyramids Show % male and female per age group Three typical types: 1. Stable population: birth rate = death rate 2. Increasing population: birth rate > death rate 3. Decreasing population: birth rate < death rate

Stationary

Stationary

Increasing

Increasing

Decreasing

Decreasing

Population Pyramids In pairs, use the data to draw one of the two pyramids

Population Pyramids In pairs, use the data to draw one of the two pyramids each. You will need to calculate the %s first! Compare the shapes of the two pyramids – what do they tell you about the populations?

Population pyramids 22 of 37 © Boardworks Ltd 2009

Population pyramids 22 of 37 © Boardworks Ltd 2009

Survival curves and life expectancy In general, more developed countries tend to have higher

Survival curves and life expectancy In general, more developed countries tend to have higher survival rates. This causes their curves to sit further to the right. developing 100 survivors (%) Survival curves measure the life spans of a sample of individuals. At each age the number of survivors is plotted. developed stone age 50 0 0 50 100 age (years) Survival curves can also be used to determine average life expectancy. This is the age at which 50 % of the sample population is still alive. 24 of 37 © Boardworks Ltd 2009

Survival Curves Try the exam question…

Survival Curves Try the exam question…

Survival Curves

Survival Curves

Definitions Age population pyramid Birth rate Death rate Demographic transition Emigration rate Growth curve

Definitions Age population pyramid Birth rate Death rate Demographic transition Emigration rate Growth curve Immigration rate Life expectancy Population growth rate Survival curve