3 2 Cell Organelles KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells

3. 2 Cell Organelles KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.

3. 2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions – Made up of small fibers and tubes – Supports the shape of the cell – Helps position and transport organelles – Helps will cell movement – Helps with cell division

3. 2 Cell Organelles are involved in making proteins. • Nucleus stores genetic information

3. 2 Cell Organelles are involved in making proteins. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum – Transports molecules (like a highway system) – Folds proteins into the correct shape

3. 2 Cell Organelles are involved in making proteins. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum – rough endoplasmic (has ribosomes) reticulum – smooth endoplasmic reticulum

3. 2 Cell Organelles are involved in making proteins • Ribosomes link amino acids to assemble the proteins

3. 2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions • Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials • Similar to an envelope you send a letter in

3. 2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions • Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell – Supply energy by making ATP • Fun fact: Mitochondria are not human – Foreign DNA

3. 2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials – Mostly store water

3. 2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. • Lysosomes break down waste and digest molecules – Garbage system of the cell • Also help kill viruses

3. 2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. • Centrioles are small tubes found near the nucleus – Help divide DNA during cell division – Form cilia and flagella which help the cell move

3. 2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. • A cell wall provides very rigid support • Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy – Photosynthesis • Plant cells have a lot more vacuoles