3 1 What is a resource A resource

3. 1: What is a resource? A resource is anything supplied by the earth to satisfy a particular need of humans or other living things Resources can be renewable (replaced by natural processes) or non -renewable (takes too long to be replaced) List the resources you can see in this picture Birds, animals, rocks, soil, water, air & sunlight

Natural Resources Air Soil Temperature Rocks Living things Sunlight Water The resources listed to the left are natural resources. They Are used to make things with Provide us with energy • Almost all life depends on these resources • Many need to be protected by humans to assist our survival

Resources: two categories Renewable A renewable resources is one which is replaced by natural processes The replacement occurs on a timescale shorter than a human life Air, water, wind, sunlight and living things fit this category Non- Renewable A non-renewable resource is one may not be replaced naturally If the replaced, this happens on a timescale much longer than a human life eg thousands to millions of years Rocks, soil, coal & petrol fit this category

Renewable Resources

Living things as a Resource Renewable!

Living things Reproduce! Living things are considered renewable because they reproduce and are replaced in our lifetime Therefore, as long as conditions allow for reproduction, new living organisms will grow and develop All living things provide a resource for other living things Eg they may provide food, a habitat or fuel Farming is a good example of where humans use other living things as a resource

Air as a resource – Oxygen, Carbon dioxide and Nitrogen Air is a mixture of gases and suspended particles such as dust, smoke, and water droplets. There are many gases in air. . .

Air: Renewable! About 21% of air is oxygen o We use oxygen in to breathe (respire), but it is replaced by plants in a process called photosynthesis So the oxygen level in the atmosphere stays about the same Only about 0. 03% of air is carbon dioxide o Plants use carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, animals breathe out carbon dioxide so it is replaced So gases are constantly being recycled through the atmosphere and so are renewable resources

Worded equations Equations for photosynthesis Equation for respiration glucose+ oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy

Resource 2: Sunlight as a Resource Sunlight has an essential role in supporting life on earth Plants use sunlight to produce food Sunlight warms the earths atmosphere, keeping conditions ideal for living things to survive The sun is a star and has been burning for billions of years, and will do into the future Sunlight is a renewable resource and will be for as long as the sun keeps shining. It is constantly being made Renewable!

Resource 3: Water covers most of the Earth’s surface and all living things need water It is the earth’s most important resource

Water Renewable!! is earth’s most important resource Only a tiny fraction of the earth’s water is made new everyday. Most is recycled. Water can be made when o Living things burn o Fossil fuels burn o Living things release energy o During chemical reactions

Water Cycle (covered later!) Water Renewable! is recycled on earth, as it moves from place to place, as shown by the water cycle.

Water: not remade, just recycled. Water is essential for life on earth. All living things require it. The total amount of water on planet earth has remained largely unchanged for billions of years

Answer these questions in your workbooks 1. Name 3 natural resources 2. What is the difference between renewable and non renewable? 3. Name 2 renewable resources.

Non Renewable Resources

Non Renewable Resources Non-renewable resources are used up at a greater rate than they can be replaced

Rocks as a resource Rocks Non Renewable! provide 2 types of resources: o The rocks themselves o The materials found in the rocks eg water and minerals What materials from rock do the following pictures show? Marble Diamond and gold Bricks

Some minerals . • As the rocks gradually break down, they release minerals which end up in the water of oceans and lakes, and in the soil. • From the water and soil, the minerals are taken up by plants and animals, providing them with necessary trace elements

The fossil fuels oil, natural gas and coal are energy sources that are found in or between layers of rock deep below the ground.

Rocks Rocks themselves can be used eg: Limestone, slate and are used for building. Marble (shown on the previous page) is used in kitchens and bathrooms around the world. It was previously used to create sculptures and many ancient buildings in Europe are made of marble Rocks on earth were formed millions of years ago There are 3 types of Rock: o Igneous o Metamorphic o Sedimentary Use your netbook to find out how these 3 types of rock are formed! (record your findings in your workbook)

Igneous forms when hot liquid from inside the earth cools. It can take millions of years to form. Sedimentary rock is formed when other types of rocks stick together and harden. It takes millions of years to form.

Metamorphic rocks Are rocks that once one form of rock and has changed to other due to heat or pressure

Only a tiny fraction of the earth’s rocks are being replaced each year and so are not considered renewable Therefore the minerals in rocks are not a renewable resource Oil and gas therefore are not renewable

Soil Non renewable! Soil is created by the weathering and erosion of rock o Weathering- is the process of rock breaking into smaller and smaller pieces o Erosion- when broken down rock or sediments are moved from where they are formed by water, wind or air. Factors affecting weathering are: o 1. Temperature o 2. Water setting in cracks and freezing o 3. Waves o 4. Running water o 5. Natural chemicals

Soil: Erosion and Weathering: breaking down rock Rapid changes in temperature can split rocks Water freezing can split rocks Water and waves can break down rock Particles in wind can wear down rock Chemicals (acid rain) can dissolve rock Erosion: carrying broken down rock away Water, wind and ice can wash away soil, sand rocks. Erosion can happen quickly as it does in a dust storm, tornado or hurricane Or slowly as with a river, ocean waves against the shore

Copy and complete 1 Resource How it is used Renewable or non-renewable in a lifetime Air Sunlight Soil Water Rocks Living things Answers p 433