3 1 The Southern Colonies The Big Ideas
3. 1 The Southern Colonies – The Big Ideas! • The settlement in Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in America • Daily life in Virginia was challenging for the colonists…understatement! • Religious freedom and economic opportunities were motives for founding other Southern Colonies, including Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia • Farming and Slavery were important to the economies of the Southern Colonies • Despite a difficult beginning, the Southern Colonies soon flourished
Settlement in Jamestown – The First US Venture Capital • The 1605 – a group of investors ask King James I for the right to establish a settlement in New World • King grants land in a region called Virginia • Investors form a joint-stock company called the London Company to share expenses and risk • April 26, 1607 – 105 lucky colonists sent by the London Company arrive in America • May 14, 1607 – approx 40 miles up James River they founded Jamestown • 1 st permanent English settlement in America
Settlement in Jamestown – What a Hot Mess! - Lack of preparation – Adventures w/no farming experience – No real useful skills – Surrounded by marshes full of disease carrying mosquitoes – Two-thirds died by their first winter …Nicely Done Settlers
Relations with Native Americans • John Smith – Leader of Jamestown takes control in 1608 – puts them to work and instills discipline (No Work; No Food) • Helped by powerful Powhatan Confederacy of Indians after he made agreements w them – they bring food & taught settlers how to grow corn • By 1609– 400 settlers = success! • By 1610– 60 left = not so much! (Terrible Winter of 1609, famine, aka “The Starving Time” …sounds like a blast)
Relations with Native Americans • John Rolfe arrives w/a new crop of tobacco that sold well in England a new strategy - married Pocahontas in 1614 • – helped form peaceful relations with the Powhatan – Said to have saved life of John Smith by throwing herself in front of him – She dies 3 years later in England – oops! We’ll get to that later… Conflict started between colonists and the Powhatan in 1622 and lasted for 20 years • The Crown cancels the London Company’s charters – Virginia is a royal colony under a Governor chosen by King
Foundations of Democracy – SIDE NOTE • America’s First elected Assembly, “The House of Burgesses” met in Jamestown on July 30, 1619 • Many famous members of this group over the years were Patrick Henry, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson
Daily Life in Virginia - Land Headright System • Main cash crop was tobacco • Tobacco Farmers establish large farms, called plantations • Plantation system really takes off b/c of Headright System where as Colonists who paid their way received 50 acres of land also 50 acres for each person they brought – servants, relatives, etc.
Daily Life in Virginia - Labor • High death rates=low labor force • Most workers were indentured servants: people who came to America and paid own way - stayed by agreeing to work without pay for a set amount of time • 1619 - The first Africans were brought as slaves - came for free but lifelong opportunity and no pay • Increased workload and the falling cost of slaves led colonists to use more slave labor as time went on
Daily Life in Virginia Bacon’s Rebellion • Colonial officials see the settlers having economical success and began to tax colonists more • “poor” colonists protest • They also didn’t like the Crown’s weak Nat. American policies and lack of protection
Daily Life in Virginia Bacon’s Rebellion • 1676 - Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion of former indentured servants by attacking a group of friendly Nat. Amer. • He opposed Governor’s policies of trade w/the Nat. Americans and… • He also thought we should be able to take their land
Other Southern Colonies or, “That looks easy–we should do it, too!” • English Catholics were • Against England’s separation from Roman Catholic Church • Not allowed to practice freely in England • Trying to escape religious persecution • Maryland was founded as a refuge for Catholics • The first Lord Baltimore, George Calvert asked King Charles for a charter • Given to his son Cecilius, who named it Maryland after Queen Henrietta Maria
Other Southern Colonies or, “That looks easy–we should do it, too!” • Proprietary Government = owners controlled the govt. • Protestants start showing up in 1640’s and religious conflicts arose • Lord Baltimore proposes first Bill to assembly • Toleration Act of 1649 – support religious tolerance – A crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians…first stirrings of Bill of Rights
Other Southern Colonies – The Carolinas • Carolina was founded south of Virginia in 1663 – King Charles gives land b/t Virginia and Spanish Florida to 8 of his buddies • Divided into North and South Carolina in 1712 • 1729 – they become royal colonies after proprietors mismanaged things • North Carolina – Farmers from Virginia “Urban Sprawl” • South Carolina – Large plantations with many slaves – 20, 000 slaves vs 10, 000 settlers
Other Southern Colonies -Georgia • 1732 James Oglethorpe gets charter from King George II • King wanted a place to shield Britain’s other colonies from Spanish Florida – refuge for debtors/criminals for a new start in 1733 – Didn’t want large plantations so outlawed slavery and limited land grants to small farms • Settlers grew unhappy with Ogle’s strict rules • Georgia became a royal colony w/ large rice plantations worked by many slaves
Economies of the Southern Colonies • Depended on agriculture – Cash crops were tobacco, sugar, rice, and indigo (plant used to make blue dye…Blue Coats) • Farms did well due to a long growing season but – More labor was needed – Difficult work = need for large strong workforce – By 1700’s Slavery has taken hold as main source • Slave codes – laws to control slaves, were passed
Economies of the Southern Colonies • “Tortures, murder, and every other imaginable barbarity…are practiced upon the poor slaves with impunity [no punishment]. I hope the slave trade will…soon be abolished. ” Olaudah Equiano, from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African (1745 -1797) - Prominent African in London; Freed Slave https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Wia. Ktc 6 irg Many Rivers to Cross the African Experience beginning until 9: 32
MAP WORK - STAY IN YOUR SEATS BUT YOU MAY CHAT W/YOUR NEIGHBORS WHILE YOU WORK SHEET # 1 LABEL THE COLONIES • YOU MAY OUTLINE THE COLONIES WITH A MARKER IF YOU DO NOT WANT TO COLOR THEM IN SHEET #2 AGRICULTURE IN THE COLONIES • DO NOT DO THE “MAP ACTIVITY” ON THE BACK WHERE YOU COLOR (1 -4) • DO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ON THE BACK “ANALYZING MAPS” (1 -4)
3. 2 The New England Colonies • The Pilgrims and Puritans came to America to avoid religious persecution. • Religion and government were closely linked in the New England colonies. • The New England economy was based on trade and farming. • Education was important in the New England colonies.
Pilgrims and Puritans • Immigrants – People who leave country of their birth to live in another country Puritans – Wanted to purify, or reform, the Anglican Church (church has too much power) – Decrease in British Economy Pilgrims -Unhappy w/England’s decision to form a new church – Wanted to separate from Church
The Pilgrims • Left Netherlands in 1620 on Mayflower • Mayflower Compact: legal contract agreeing to have fair laws • Arrived at Plymouth Rock in present-day Massachusetts in late 1620
The Pilgrims • Squanto – Taught Pilgrims to fertilize soil • Pilgrims celebrate first Thanksgiving with the Wampanoag Indians
The Pilgrims • Most were farmers • Family members worked together • Women: – Cooked, sewed clothing, wove wool – Had more legal rights than in England
The Puritans • Dissenters – Disagreed with official opinions and church actions in England. • Thousands left England in Great Migration from 1629 to 1640 (Economy) • John Winthrop – seeking religious freedom. – Established Massachusetts Bay Colony
Religion and Government in New England
Religious Conflict • Thomas Hooker – Connecticut – Made government more democratic. • Roger Williams – founded Providence – separation of church and state. • Anne Hutchinson – questioned teachings of religious leaders – forced out of Colony
1690 s: Salem Witchcraft Trials Nineteen people put to death
New England Economy • Farming – Harsh climate and rocky soil – Only for Personal use – Little need for slaves • Trade – locally, with other colonies, and overseas – Fishing – Shipbuilding
Education in the Colonies Public Education • Communities established town schools. • Students used New England Primer, which had stories from the Bible. • Availability of schooling varied. • Most stopped after elementary grades.
Education in the Colonies Higher Education • Important to colonists • Harvard College founded in 1636. • College of William and Mary founded in Virginia in 1693.
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