3 1 Exploration and Colonization Spain and Portugal

3. 1 Exploration and Colonization • Spain and Portugal fund programs to encourage exploration( navigation schools, map making and ship building) • Reasons for exploration – Expand trade – Expand empires = colonies – Spread Christianity – Natural resources = wealth – land

3. 1 Exploration and Colonization • Dangers: – Long voyages- many storms – Diseases – Attacks when landing ships • Famous explorers: – Bartolomeu Dias – Vasco da Gama – Christopher Columbus – Jacques Cartier – Sir Francis Drake

3. 1 Positives and Negatives of Colonization Positives • More land • New resources • Columbian exchange Negatives • Wars with natives • disease • slavery

3. 2 Industrial Revolution • How did it change the way people lived? – Machines did the work – Inventions made life simpler( loom, spinning jenny, steam engine) – More jobs – Cities grew rapidly causing crowded housing and slums to develop – Children had to work] – Long hours for factory workers

3. 2 Industrial Revolution • How did affect work? – Mass production- large amounts – Assembly line- one job over and over – Poor pay – Harsh and dangerous working conditions – Cost less to make items- economies of scale

3. 3 French Revolution • Causes – 3 class system( 1 st Estate, 2 nd Estate and 3 rd Estate) – Unfair taxation- lowest class paid most taxes – High food prices – Low wages – People had no say in government – Ineffective leaders – desire for freedom

3. 2 French Revolution • Radicals take power – People write the declaration of the Rights of man and of the Citizen – Jacobins seize power led by Maximilien Robespierre – Execute King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette – Use the guillotine to behead 40, 000 people during their reign of terror – Turn on Robespierre and behead him

3. 2 French Revolution • 5 years of violence occurs and Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power with the military • He increase his power and declares himself the Emperor of France • Tries to conquer all of Europe and is defeated by the Prussians and British

3. 4 Declaration of Rights • Natural rights – rights people possess at birth • Main ideas of Declaration of independence and Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen – Life – Liberty – Property – Happiness – All men are created equal

3. 5 Nationalism • Created fierce competition between rival countries • Countries wanted natural resources and power by colonizing Africa, Asia, South America. • Countries believed their ways to be superior to others

3. 5 Alliances • Countries joined together for common goals of protection and to gather wealth. • Britain, France and Russia formed the Triple Entente • Germany, Austro Hungary and ottoman Empire formed the Central Powers • Alliances were dangerous because if one fights they all fight

3. 5 Tensions • Europe had many countries that were jealous of others success and wealth • The Balkan region had many difficulties with ethnic tensions • Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand starts a chain reaction that leads to the war starting

3. 5 Brutal War • Trench warfare- idea was to overpower enemy and drive them off the field • War was fought on battlefield until WWI, total warfare was then used • Technology- bigger and better ways to kill humans: machine guns, poison gases, grenades, flame thrower, tanks, and airplanes. • 30 million deaths in WWI

3. 5 Impact of the WWI • Germany was blamed for war and had to pay 30 billion in war reparations, lost land , and military was taken away • Germans were humiliated angered by the war • Formation of new countries: Austria , Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Turkey

3. 6 WWI- Cause of WWII • Germany stripped of their military • Germany has to accept blame for the war • Caused a severe economic downturn in Germany • Unemployment and depression cause people great suffering • Hitler rises to power, promises to make Germany great again

WWII • Opens factories and builds his war machine( guns, tanks, planes) • People blindly follow Hitler and he plans the revenge • An alliance system is started again: Germany, Italy and Japan all want the same things. Great Britain, France , Poland, and other nations form an alliance • USA tries to stay neutral, until attack at Pearl harbor