3 1 Cell Theory Biology Chapter 3 Cellular

3. 1 Cell Theory Biology Chapter 3 Cellular Structure and Function

3. 1 Cell Theory KEY CONCEPT Cells are the Basic unit of life. Bacterium Macrophage

3. 1 Cell Theory 3 -1 Objectives • Discuss how early scientists led to the development of the cell theory • Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

3. 1 Cell Theory The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. • • Five scientists (and others) responsible for Cell Theory Microscope was invented in 1600’s

3. 1 Cell Theory In 1665, English scientist, Robert Hooke was the first to see and name cells • Saw little boxes in slice of cork that reminded him of small rooms in which monks lived

3. 1 Cell Theory In 1675, Dutch scientist, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, first to see living cells

3. 1 Cell Theory Leeuwenhoek’s microscope discovers Spirogyra, a single-celled organism Notice the chloroplast spirals of this pond algae!

3. 1 Cell Theory In 1838, German scientist, Matthias Schleiden, stated all PLANTS and plant parts are composed of cells Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells

3. 1 Cell Theory Ø In 1839, German scientist, Theodor Schwann, stated all ANIMALS and animal organs are composed of cells Nerve cells in your brain

3. 1 Cell Theory Ø In 1858, German scientist, Rudolph Virchow, stated all cells come only from existing cells (NOT spontaneous generation) First to see leukemia cells (in purple)

3. 1 Cell Theory The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. • Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. • More was learned about cells as microscopes improved. • The cell theory is a unifying concept of biology.

3. 1 Cell Theory Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. • The Cell theory has three principles. –All organisms are made of cells.

3. 1 Cell Theory • The Cell theory has three principles. – All organisms are made of cells. –All existing cells are produced by other living cells.

3. 1 Cell Theory The Cell theory has three principles. – All organisms are made of cells. – All existing cells are produced by other living cells. –The cell is the most basic unit of life.

3. 1 Cell Theory Cell Discovery and Theory § Light microscopes utilize series of glass lenses and visible light to magnify images Magnifies living or nonliving things up to 2, 000 times actual size Mite

3. 1 Cell Theory Electron microscopes utilize magnets to aim a beam of electrons at a cell to produce an image Magnifies images up to 500, 000 times actual size Spider leg --inspiration for making post-it notes

3. 1 Cell Theory § Transmission electron microcsope (TEM) electrons pass through a specimen o Can reveal a cell’s internal structure o Only use dead specimens Inside of a plant cell

3. 1 Cell Theory TEM Micrographs of Viruses Ebola virus Bac te virus riopha ge

3. 1 Cell Theory § Scanning eletron microscope (SEM)electrons bounce off a specimen coated in metal o Forms 3 -D image of specimen Only nonliving samples can be used Fly Head and Leg

3. 1 Cell Theory § Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM) o Charged tip of probe allows electrons to “tunnel” through small gaps in specimens Computer generated 3 -D images created Living objects (DNA) and atoms can be viewed Silicon Atom

Stadium shaped corral made by iron atoms on a copper surface STM 3. 1 Cell Theory Image of DNA Surface of Platinum STM

3. 1 Cell Theory • Stereoscope (10 x – 30 x) o Magnify objects through which light cannot pass Red Algae

3. 1 Cell Theory Two basic cell types (see activity)

3. 1 Cell Theory Quick Quiz Time üEach question will be worth 2 points üYou may NOT talk and/or communicate with a classmate üScores will be collected and recorded at the end of the chapter

3. 1 Cell Theory 1. Which invention played the biggest role in the discovery of cells by early scientists? A. Magnifying glass B. Electron Microscope C. Eyeglasses D. Compound Microscope

3. 1 Cell Theory 2. The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells; cells are the most basic unit of life; and A. All existing cells form by freecell formation B. All cells are eukaryotic C. all existing cells are produced by other living cells D. all cells have a nucleus

3. 1 Cell Theory 3. Which type of electron microscope directs electrons over the surface of a nonliving specimen, producing a three -dimensional image? A. transmission electron microscope B. scanning electron microscope C. scanning tunneling electron microscope D. Compound light microscope

3. 1 Cell Theory Trade your paper with a non-lab partner

3. 1 Cell Theory 1. Which invention played the biggest role in the discovery of cells by early scientists? A. Magnifying glass B. Electron Microscope C. Eyeglasses D. Compound Microscope

3. 1 Cell Theory 2. The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells; cells are the most basic unit of life; and A. All existing cells form by freecell formation B. All cells are eukaryotic C. all existing cells are produced by other living cells D. all cells have a nucleus

3. 1 Cell Theory 3. Which type of electron microscope directs electrons over the surface of a nonliving specimen, producing a three -dimensional image? A. transmission electron microscope B. scanning electron microscope C. scanning tunneling electron microscope D. Compound light microscope

3. 1 Cell Theory End of show

3. 1 Cell Theory Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics.

3. 1 Cell Theory Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics. – Cells tend to be microscopic. Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800 x)

3. 1 Cell Theory Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics. – Cells tend to be microscopic. – All cells are enclosed cell membrane by a membrane. Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800 x)

3. 1 Cell Theory Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics. – Cells tend to be microscopic. – All cells are enclosed cell membrane by a membrane. – All cells are filled with cytoplasm Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800 x)

3. 1 Cell Theory There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.

3. 1 Cell Theory There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus cell membrane

3. 1 Cell Theory There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus • Prokaryotic cells do not have membranebound organelles cell membrane

3. 1 Cell Theory There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus organelles cell membrane

3. 1 Cell Theory There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus • Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles cell membrane cytoplasm